A Study on Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Nutrient Intake, Psychological Index according to the Obesity Degree of College Women

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2011;16(1):14-22

Publication date (electronic) : 2011 February 28

doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.1.14

Se-Na Kang ¹, Jung-Hwa Park ², Hye-Jin Hwang ¹^,³

¹Dongeui Food Research Institute, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

³Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hye Jin Hwang, Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongeui University, 995 Eomgwangno, Busan-jin Gu, Busan 614-714, Korea. Tel: (051) 890-1594, Fax: (051) 890-2646, hhj2001@deu.ac.kr

Received 2010 December 22; Revised 2011 January 26; Accepted 2011 February 15.

Abstract

This study was designed to compare the incidence and severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) between normal (N = 85) and overweight or obese (N = 28) college female students and investigated correlation between PMS, nutrient intake, hematological index and psychological index (depression, anxiety, stress). Each subject was asked a Menstrual Discomfort Questionnaire (MDQ) for PMS by 5 Likert scale. The PMS scores of women in the normal weight subjects ranked in order of severity were water retention (2.71), followed by behavioral change (2.58), negative affect (2.46), pain (2.31), autonomic reaction (2.27), decreased concentration (2.16). The symptoms of 'pain' and 'behavioral change' of overweight or obese subject were significantly higher than those of normal subject (p < 0.05). And total cholesterol concentration of overweight or obese subjects was significantly higher than in normal subject (p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between the symptoms of 'negative effect' and BMI. And the triglyceride concentration was positively related with 'water retention (p < 0.01)'. The symptoms of 'decreased concentration' were negatively correlated with calcium (p < 0.01) and vitamin B₆ intake (p < 0.05). The depression score were positively related with symptoms of 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)', 'negative affect' (p < 0.01), and the anxiety score was positively correlated with 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)' and 'decreased concentration (p < 0.05)'. The stress score was positively correlated with 'decreased concentration (p < 0.01)', 'behavioral change (p < 0.05)' and 'negative affect (p < 0.05)'. This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of a calcium, vitamin B₆ deficiency and psychological disorder. Therefore we concluded that nutrient supplementation, depression and stress management may help to relieve PMS symptoms.

Keywords: Premenstrual syndrome; BMI; nutrient intake; hematological index; psychological index

Notes

This paper was supported by research funds of Dongeui University (2009AA134).

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Article information Continued

Table 1

Physical characteristics of subjects

1) BMI (kg/m²): Body Mass Index

2) PIBW: Percent Ideal Body Weight, ideal body weight = {height (cm) - 100} × 0.9

3) Mean ± SD

4) Significance between normal subjects and overweight or obese subjects by t-test

^***: p < 0.001

Table 2

Hematological index of the subjects

1) Systolic Blood Pressure

2) Diastolic Blood Pressure

3) High density lipoprotein-cholesterol

4) Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol

5) Mean ± SD

6) Significance between normal subjects and overweight or obese subjects by t-test

^**: p < 0.01

Table 3

Average daily nutrient intakes and % KDRIs of the subjects

1) KDRIs: Dietary reference intake of Koreans (2010), 2) Significance between normal subjects and overweight or obese subjects by t-test

^*: p < 0.05

Table 4

Premenstrual syndrome of the subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 1: Not exist, 2: Exist a little, 3: Moderate, 4: Considerable 5: Severe

2) Significance between normal subjects and overweight or obese subjects by t-test

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 5

Psyhological score (depression, anxiety, stress) of the subjects

1) 21 questions, 0 - 3 Likert scale

2) 21 questions, 0 - 3 Likert scale

3) 10 qustionss, 0 - 4 Likert scale

4) Mean ± SD

5) Significance between normal and overweight subjects by t-test

^*: p < 0.05

Table 6

Correlation coefficient between premenstrual syndrome and hematological index of the subjects

1) Body Mass Index

2) Percent Ideal Body Weight, ideal body weight = {height (cm) - 100} × 0.9

3) Systolic blood pressure

4) Diastolic blood pressure

5) High density lipoprotein-cholesterol

6) Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 7

Correlation coefficient between premenstrual syndrome and nutrient intakes of the subjects

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 8

Correlation coefficient between premenstrual syndrome and psychological score (depression, anxiety, stress) of the subjects

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01