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Association of Daily Sleep Duration with Obesity, Macronutrient Intake, and Physical Activity


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Association of Daily Sleep Duration with Obesity, Macronutrient Intake, and Physical Activity

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2011;16(3):315-323
Publication date (electronic) : 2011 June 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.315
Inkyung Baik, Chol Shin1
Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea.
1Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
Corresponding author: Chol Shin, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Korea University Ansan Hospital, 516 Gojandong, Danwongu, Ansan, Gyeonggido 425-707, Korea. Tel: (031) 412-5606, Fax: (031) 412-5604, chol-shin@korea.ac.kr
Received 2011 May 23; Revised 2011 June 16; Accepted 2011 June 20.

Abstract

There are a few studies that reported the association of sleep duration with calorie intake and energy expenditure. Using cross-sectional data from a population-based prospective study, we evaluated the association of sleep duration with indicators of obesity including body mass index and waist circumference, calorie intake and its proportion of macronutrients, and physical activity. The study subjects were 4,226 male and female adults, who were aged 40 to 69 years and were free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia at baseline. Robust regression analysis was used to analyze associations. The study found that sleep duration is inversely associated with waist circumference, calorie intake, and percent of calories from fat intake and is positively associated with percent of calories from carbohydrate intake and physical activity. The inverse association between sleep duration and waist circumference was stronger among men than among women. The inverse association between sleep duration and calorie intake was stronger among women than among men and such association was also stronger among obese persons than those with a normal body mass index. The positive association between sleep duration and physical activity was strongly demonstrated regardless of sex or obesity. Physical activity is positively associated with sleep duration independent of potential confounding factors including age, sex, income, occupation, marital status, education, smoking status, waist circumference, calorie and macronutrient intake, and alcohol intake.

Keywords: sleep duration; obesity; calorie intake; macronutrient intake; physical activity

Notes

This work was supported by a grant of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (budgets 2001-347-6111-221, 2002-347-6111-221) and by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (2010-0007166).

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2011 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

Table 1

Baseline characteristics across categories of daily sleep duration among 4,226 persons

Table 1

1) Approximately corresponding to the government-set-minimum wage for a family of three persons

2) Abdominal obesity is defined as having waist circumference of 90cm or greater for men and of 85cm or greater for women

3) Average daily metabolic equivalents-hours

Table 2

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake

Table 2

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, *: p-value < 0.05; **: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 106 Won/month, 106 + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and >20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1 g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, > 30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 3

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake by sex

Table 3

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, *: p-value < 0.05; **: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 106 Won/month, 106 + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and > 20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1 g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, > 30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 4

Association of daily sleep duration with obesity, physical activity, and intake by the categories of obesity

Table 4

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, *: p-value < 0.05; **: p-value < 0.01

In a multivariate model, data are adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, income (wage < 106 Won/month, 106 + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9+ years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and >20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (lifetime abstainers, current abstainers, curent alcohol consumption; < 5.1g, 5.1 - 15, 15.1 - 30, >30 g/day), quintiles of physical activity (MET-hours/day), and quintiles of calorie intake; however, body mass index is not included as a covariate for waist circumference and calorie intake is not included for macronutrient intake.

1) percent of calorie, 2) grams per day

Table 5

Multivariate coefficients (95% CI) for obesity, physical activity, and intake in the association with daily sleep duration as an outcome

Table 5

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval, **: p-value < 0.001

In a multivariate model, daily sleep duration (minutes/day) is fitted as a continuous variable with covariates including age, sex, waist circumference, income (wage < 106 Won/month, 106 + Won/month), occupation (office workers or non-office workers and housework), marital status (married, other status), education (< 9 years, 9 + years), smoking status (non-smoker, current smoker; ≤ 10, 10 - 20, and >20 cigarettes/day), alcohol intake (g/day), physical activity (MET-hours/day), calorie intake (kcal/day), and consumption of carbohydrate, fat, and protein (percent of calorie intake)