The Relations between Diabetic Dietary Compliance, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2015;20(5):351-361

Publication date (electronic) : 2015 October 31

doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.5.351

Dong Eun Kim ¹, Seung Hee Hong ¹^,², Ji-Myung Kim ¹^,²

¹Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Graduate School of Public Health, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi, Korea.

²Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi, Korea.

Corresponding author: Ji-Myung Kim. Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Science and Culinary Arts, Shinhan University, 95, Hoam-ro, Uijeongbu-si, Gyeonggi 11644, Korea. Tel: (031) 870-3515, Fax: (031) 870-3519, kjm@shinhan.ac.kr

Received 2015 September 24; Revised 2015 October 15; Accepted 2015 October 22.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between diabetic dietary compliance and dietary intake, physical activity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods

Seventy five subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes visiting the D hospital in Dongducheon from May 2014 to Dec 2014 were included in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their diabetic dietary compliance score (median 39); low diabetic dietary compliance (LDDC) group (n=44) and high diabetic dietary compliance (HDDC) group (n=31). Survey data collection was carried out by direct interview method. The nutrient intake, food intake and KDDS (Korean's dietary diversity score), DVS (dietary variety score) and GMVDF (grain, meat, vegetable, dairy and fruit) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. Metabolic parameters were obtained from the hospital records. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and general linear model adjusted for sex.

Results

The prevalence of MS was 59.7% in the participating diabetic patients. The prevalence of MS of the HDDC (39.3%) was significantly lower than that of the LDDC (72.7%). The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). The intakes of seeds and nuts of the HDDC were significantly lower than those of the LDDC. Fat and vegetable fat intakes and % fat of energy in the HDDC were significantly lower than those in the LDDC. But, carbohydrate (CHO) and potassium intake and %CHO of energy in the HDDC were significantly higher than those in the LDDC. KDDS and GMVDF showed significant differences between groups (p=0.033; p=0.012).

Conclusions

Continuous intervention by specialized nutritionists for long-term self-regulation is needed for diabetic patients, and the high compliance to diabetic diet and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords: diabetes; metabolic syndrome; diabetic dietary compliance; dietary intake; physical activity

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Table 1

The general characteristics of the study subjects

1) Analyzed by Chi-square test

2) N (%)

3) Mean±SD

4) Independent t-test

^*: p < 0.05

Table 2

Diabetic dietary compliance score according to the regimen practice of diabetics

1) Analyzed by general linear model (adjusted for sex)

2) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.001

Table 3

The level of physical activity according to the regimen of practice of iabetics

1) Analyzed by Chi-square test

2) N (%)

3) Mean±SD

4) Analyzed by general linear model (adjusted for sex)

^*: p < 0.05

Table 4

Comparison of food intake per 1,000 g according to the regimen of practiceof diabetics

1) Analyzed by general linear model (adjusted for sex)

2) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05

Table 5

Comparison of energy distribution and nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal according to the regimen of practice of diabetics

1) Analyzed by general linear model (adjusted for sex)

2) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05

Table 6

Comparison of KDDS and DVS according to the regimen of practice of diabetics

1) Analyzed by general linear model (adjusted for sex)

2) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05

Table 7

Distribution of food group intake pattern (CMVDF) according to the regimen of practice of diabetics

1) Analyzed by Chi-square test

2) N (%)

^*: p < 0.05

Table 8

Comparison of metabolic syndrome (MS) and metabolic syndrome score (MS score) according to the regimen of practice of diabetics

1) Analyzed by Chi-square test

2) N (%)

3) Mean±SD

4) Analyzed by general linear model (adjusted for sex)

^*: p < 0.05