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A Study of Nutrient Intakes, Blood Lipids and Bone Mineral Density according to Obesity Degree by Percentage of Body Fat and Age between Male and Female Teacher in Jeonbuk Province, Korea


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A Study of Nutrient Intakes, Blood Lipids and Bone Mineral Density according to Obesity Degree by Percentage of Body Fat and Age between Male and Female Teacher in Jeonbuk Province, Korea

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2012;17(1):49-68
Publication date (electronic) : 2012 February 29
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.1.49
Hye-Soon Chang
Department of Food and Nutrition, Gunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea.
Corresponding author: Department of Food & Nutrition, Gunsan National University, San 68 Miryong-dong, Gunsan 573-701, Korea. Tel: (063) 469-4633, Fax: (063) 468-2085, hschang@kunsan.ac.kr
Received 2011 September 22; Revised 2012 January 16; Accepted 2012 February 07.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, blood lipids and bone mineral density of male (n = 59) and female (n = 172) teachers according to the obesity index by percentage of body fat and age. The energy intakes of obesity group were higher than normal group in male (p < 0.05), but were not significant in female. The protein intake ratio among three energy nutrients for male was higher than female (p < 0.001), and lipid intake ratio of obesity group in female was a little higher than male that was not significant. TC, LDL, TC/HDL, risk of coronary heart disease, blood glucose and blood pressure of obesity group were higher than normal group in female (p < 0.01 ~ p < 0.001), but were little significance in male. Risk of coronary heart disease was affected by gender (p < 0.001), obesity degree (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.001), and interaction of gender and age (p < 0.001). Blood glucose was affected by obesity degree (p < 0.05), but was not affected by age. T-scores of forearm for female (= -1.42) were lower than that of male (= -0.95), and T-scores of obesity group in male (= 0.12) were higher than that of normal group (= -0.33) but were not significant in female. The T-scores of forearm for female were affected by age (p < 0.05) and gender (p < 0.01), but calcaneus was not affected by gender. These results suggest lipid intake ratio should be balanced for obesity group in female. Nutritional education for treatment obesity to prevent hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis is necessary for obesity group and older age groups. T-scores of forearm were lower than calcaneus, so arm exercise would be especially required to prevent osteoporosis for older age women groups.

Keywords: nutrient intakes; blood lipids; BMD; percentage of body fat

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

Table 1

1) N (%), 2) ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

Table 2

Comparisons of anthropometric measurements and body composition of the subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

Table 2

1) Mean ± SD, 2) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA, 3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 4) AMC: Arm muscle circumference, 5) Arm cir: Arm circumference, 6) BMR: Basal Metabolic Rate

Table 3

The daily caloric nutrients and cholesterol intakes, and CPF ratio of subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

Table 3

1) Mean ± SD

2) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

Table 4-1

The percentage of nutrients intakes for the dietary reference intakes for Koreans(KDRIs) of subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

Table 4-1

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 3) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA

Table 4-2

The percentage of nutrients intakes for the dietary reference intakes for Koreans(KDRIs) of subjects according to age

Table 4-2

1) Mean ± SD, 2) A: effect of gender; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of gender and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA, 3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA

Table 4-3

The percentage of nutrients intakes for the dietary reference intakes for Koreans(KDRIs) of female subjects according to age

Table 4-3

1) Mean ± SD, 2) A: effect of obese index; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of obese index and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA, 3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA

Table 5-1

Comparison of blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressures of subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

Table 5-1

1) Mean ± SD

2) **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

Table 5-2

Comparison of blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressures of subjects according to age

Table 5-2

1) Mean ± SD

2) A: effect of gender; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of gender and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA

Table 5-3

Comparison of blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressures of female subjects according to age

Table 5-3

1) Mean ± SD

2) A: effect of obese index; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of obese index and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA

Table 6-1

Bone mineral density and T-scores of subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

Table 6-1

1) Mean ± SD, 2) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

Table 6-2

Bone mineral density and T-scores of subjects according to age

Table 6-2

1) Mean ± SD, 2) A: effect of gender; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of gender and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA, 3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 4) *: p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA

Table 7

Pearson correlation coefficient in each variable in the study subjects

Table 7

1) M: Male

2) F: Female

3) *,**,***: Significant at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 by Pearson's correlation