Development of a Food Exchange Table and Food Pattern for Nutritionally Balanced Menu Planning

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2018;23(5):411-423

Publication date (electronic) : 2018 October 31

doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.5.411

Yun Ahn ¹, Ikhyun Yeo ², Sangyun Lee ³, Kisun Nam ⁴

¹Health & Nutrition Research Center, Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea, Senior Researcher.

²Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea, Director.

³Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea, Head.

⁴Health & Nutrition Research Center, Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd. Seoul, Korea, Head.

Corresponding author: Kisun Nam. Corporate Technology Office, Pulmuone Co., Ltd., 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea. Tel: (02)3277-8553, Fax: (02)6499-0129, ksnama@pulmuone.com

Received 2018 August 02; Revised 2018 October 01; Accepted 2018 October 01.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to develop new meal planning tools for a nutritionally balanced diet.

Methods

Based on the food exchange list for diabetes, we adjusted the food group classification system to reflect the suggested nutritional factors for chronic disease prevention and health promotion. We developed a nutritionally balanced dietary profile for adults and compared it with the dietary reference intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) and the food pattern recommended by the Korean Diabetes Association.

Results

The newly developed menu planning tools are the LOHAS food exchange table and the LOHAS food pattern. Our recommended daily 1,800 kcal dietary composition for adults is as follows: The carbohydrate food group consists of 4 ‘whole grains’, 3 ‘refined grains’, 2 ‘sugars’, 9 ‘vegetables’, 3 ‘starchy vegetables’, 2 ‘fruits’ and 1 ‘high sugar fruits’. The protein food group includes 3 ‘plant protein foods’, 3 ‘animal protein foods (low-fat)’, and 1 ‘animal protein foods (high-fat)’. The fat food group consists of 2 ‘oils and nuts’ and 1 ‘solid fats’. The total number of calories is estimated at 1,840 kcal and the energy ratio is 62% carbohydrate, 18% protein, 20% fat, 6.8% saturated fat and 13.2% sugars. Using the LOHAS food exchange table, it is possible to estimate values of saturated fat, unsaturated fat, dietary fiber, and sugars besides carbohydrate, protein and fat. It is also possible to compose a dietary design considering carbohydrate, sugars, saturated fat and dietary fiber. The LOHAS food pattern provides benefits for the management of both institutional food services and individual meals, as it can help reduce the levels of saturated fat and sugar intake and help develop healthy meals rich in unsaturated fats and dietary fiber.

Conclusions

The LOHAS food exchange table and LOHAS food pattern are expected to be practical tools for designing and evaluating nutritionally balanced diets.

Keywords: food exchange list; food group; menu plan

Acknowledgments

The meal planning tools were patented (No. 1728113) and is currently being applied to the Pulmuone F&C foodservice.

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