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Nutrient Intakes of Male College Combat Sport Athletes by Weight Control Status


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Nutrient Intakes of Male College Combat Sport Athletes by Weight Control Status

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2017;22(6):495-506
Publication date (electronic) : 2017 December 31
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.6.495
Ji Yeon Kim, Ji Seon Lee, Seong Suk Cho1, Hyon Park2, Kyung Won Kimorcid_icon
Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
1National Training Center of Korea Olympic Committee, Seoul, Korea.
2Sports Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.
Corresponding author: Kyung Won Kim. Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea. Tel: (02) 970-5647, Fax: (02) 976-4049, kwkim@swu.ac.kr
Received 2017 December 19; Revised 2017 December 26; Accepted 2017 December 26.

Abstract

Objectives

Weight control practices are common in combat sport athletes. This study was performed to examine nutrient intakes of male college combat sport athletes (taekwondo, boxing, judo) by weight control (WC) status.

Methods

Subjects were male combat sport athletes (n=90) from colleges in Gyeonggi Province. Survey was conducted during 2016. Questionnaire included general characteristics, weight control, and dietary intakes during the period of training, weight control, weigh-in ~ before competition and between competitions. Subjects were grouped into high- and normal WC groups. T-test, χ2-test, Fisher's exact test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data.

Results

During training, energy intake was 75.4% of EER and C:P:F ratio was 57.5:13.9:28.7. Iron and zinc intakes were different by WC groups (p<0.05). During weight control, energy intake was 44.7% of EER in normal WC and 30.5% in high WC group (p<0.05). C:P:F ratio was 69:11.1:19.5, and ratio from protein and fat was lower in the high WC group (p<0.05). Most nutrient intakes during weight control were less than 50% of 2015 KDRIs (RNI or AI), and intakes including thiamin (p<0.01), vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, folate, calcium, potassium and zinc (p<0.05) were significantly lower in the high WC. Energy intake after weighing before the competition was 1,315 kcal, and energy (kcal/kg BW, p<0.05) and carbohydrate intakes (g/kg BW, p<0.01) were significantly higher in the high WC group. Energy intake between competitions was 691.1 kcal, with no difference by the WC group.

Conclusions

Nutrients intakes of combat sport athletes were inadequate. Dietary intakes during weight control were much below than the KDRIs, especially in the high WC group. It is needed to develop nutrition education programs for combat sport athletes to avoid severe energy restrictions and to apply specific dietary guides to each period of training and weight control.

Keywords: combat sport athletes; nutrient intake; weight control

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a research grant from Seoul Women's University (2017).

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Copyright © 2017 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Table 1

General characteristics of the study subjects

Table 1

*: P<0.05, **: P<0.01, ***: P<0.001

1) Mean±SE, 2) n (%), 3) t value by t-test or χ2 value by χ2-test

Table 2

Energy and nutrients intakes during training period by the weight control status

Table 2

*: P<0.05

1) Estimated Energy Requirements, 2) kcal/kg body weight, 3) g/kg body weight, 4) Recommended Nutrient Intake, 5) Ratio of energy intake, 6) Adequate Intake, 7) Intake Goal, 8) Mean±SE, 9) F value by analysis of covariance (covariate: weight, height). For variables analyzed by kg/body weight, only height was used as a covariate.

Table 3

Energy and nutrients Intakes during weight control period by the weight control status

Table 3

*: P<0.05, **: P<0.01

1) Estimated Energy Requirements, 2) kcal/kg body weight, 3) g/kg body weight, 4) Recommended Nutrient Intake, 5) Ratio of energy intake, 6) Adequate Intake, 7) Intake Goal, 8) Mean±SE, 9) F value by analysis of covariance (covariate: weight, height). For variables analyzed by kg/body weight, only height was used as a covariate.

Table 4

Meal management during the period after weighing before the competition

Table 4

1) Multiple response, 2) n (%), 3) χ2 value by Fisher's exact test

Table 5

Intakes of energy and energy-yielding nutrients during periods after weighing before the competition and between competitions

Table 5

*: P<0.05, **: P<0.01

1) kcal/kg body weight, 2) g/kg body weight, 3) Mean±SE, 4) F value by analysis of covariance. (covariate: weight, height)