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Anthropometric Index, Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intake of the Oldest-old Population Aged 95 and Over Living in Seoul


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Anthropometric Index, Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intake of the Oldest-old Population Aged 95 and Over Living in Seoul

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2012;17(5):603-622
Publication date (electronic) : 2012 October 31
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.603
Chung Shil Kwak, Ji Hyun Cho, Miyong Yon1, Sang Chul Park2
Institute on Aging Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
1Nutrition Policy Team, Department of Health Industry & Policy, Korea Heallth Industry Development Institute, Osong, Korea.
2Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
Corresponding author: Chung Shil Kwak, Institute on Aging Seoul National University, 199-1 Dongsoong-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Annex Building, Seoul 110-510, Korea. Tel: (02) 740-8506, Fax: (02) 742-0628, kwakcs@snu.ac.kr
Received 2012 July 27; Revised 2012 September 18; Accepted 2012 September 18.

Abstract

The population aged 95 years and older in Seoul approximately increased to five-fold over the past 10 years, while nationwide rates increased to three-fold. In order to examine the dietary habit and nutritional status of oldest-old population living in Seoul, we recruited 87 subjects (25 males and 62 females) aged 95 years and older. The prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were 18.2% and 18.2% in males, and 20.8% and 9.4% in females, respectively. In self-assessment of health, only 25.3% answered to be unhealthy. More males exercised regularly and reported a wide range of activities than females. The average of %Kcal from carbohydrate, protein and fat (C : P : F) was 64.9 : 13.8 : 21.2 in males and 68.1 : 14.2 : 17.7 in females. The average daily energy intake was 1,307 kcal in males and 1,304 kcal in females. More than 75% of subjects were taking under estimated average requirements (EAR) for vitamin B1, B2 & C and Ca. The average of mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.66 in males and 0.70 in females, and 28.8% of males and 12.9% of females were in MAR < 0.50. Based on MAR, 32.0% of males and 14.5% females were classified as normal and 16.0% of males and 25.8% of females were classified as malnourished. Our subjects were taking more animal food, especially milk and its products, compared to those living, in rural areas. However, a significant proportion did not meet the EAR for vitamin B1, B2 & C and Ca.

Keywords: urban; oldest-old population; anthropometric index; nutrient intake; dietary habit

Notes

This work was supported by Seoul city government grant (2009) and the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Korean government (2009-0093587)

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

Table 1

General characteristics of subjects

Table 1

1) Mean ± SD, 2) range (min-max), 3) N (%)

Table 2

Physical measurement

Table 2

1) Mean ± SD, 2) range (min-max), ns: not significant

Table 3

Health status and life style

Table 3

1) N (%), 2) Mean ± SD, 3) range (min-max), ns: not significant

Table 4

Dietary behavior

Table 4

1) N (%), 2) Mean ± SD, 3) range (min-max), ns: not significant

Table 5

Average daily food intake (g/day)

Table 5

1) Mean ± SD (%)

Table 6

The average daily nutrient intake of subjects

Table 6

1) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 (KCDCP 2011)

2) Study on nutritional status of elderly aged 85 and more living in Soonchang-gun (Lee 2009)

3) male (n) / female (n), 4) Mean ± SD, 5) Mean for males/females

*: significantly different between gender at p < 0.05

Table 7

Percent EER and RI of nutrient intake of subjects

Table 7

1) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 (KCDCP 2011)

2) Study on nutritional status of elderly aged 85 and more living in Soonchang-gun (Lee 2009)

3) male (n) / female (n), 4) mean for males/females, 5) Mean ± SD

**: Significantly different between gender at p < 0.01

Table 8

Prevalence of nutrient intake under EAR

Table 8

1) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2010 (KCDCP 2011)

2) male (n) / female (n), 3) under 75% EER, 4) N (%), 5) mean for males/females, 6) Mean ± SD

Table 9

Index of Nutrient Quality (INQ) and Man Adequacy Ratio (MAR)

Table 9

1) Mean ± SD, 2) N (%), ns: not significant

Significantly different between gender at *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01 or ***: p < 0.001

Table 10

Food intake diversity and meal balance

Table 10

1) Mean ± SD, ns: not significant

Table 11

Mini-Nutrition Assessment (MNA) of subjects

Table 11

1) Mean ± SD, 2) N (%), ns: not significant

significantly different between gender at p < 0.05* or p < 0.001***

Table 12

Nutrient intake and dietary factors according to nutritional status assessed by MNA

Table 12

1) Mean ± SD, 2) means without common alphabet are significantly different each other within a same gender.

3) nEAR: number of nutrient under EAR, 4) nINQ < 1: number of nutrient with INQ < 1