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The association between Coffee Consumption and All-cause Mortality According to Sleep-related Disorders


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The association between Coffee Consumption and All-cause Mortality According to Sleep-related Disorders

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2015;20(4):301-309
Publication date (electronic) : 2015 August 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.4.301
Sunghee Lee1, Wookyoun Cho2, Namhan Cho3, Chol Shin4
1Institute of Human Genomic Study, School of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
2Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea.
3Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
4Division of Pulmonary, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
Corresponding author: Chol Shin. Department of Internal Medicine, Ansan Hospital Korea University, 516 Gojan-1-dong, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Korea. Tel: (031) 412-5603, Fax: (031) 412-5604, chol-shin@korea.ac.kr
Received 2015 August 05; Revised 2015 August 24; Accepted 2015 August 26.

Abstract

Objectives

While recent studies showed that coffee consumption reduced the risk of all-cause mortality, no study has examined the effect of coffee consumption on all-cause mortality related to sleep disorders. We aimed to examine whether sleep-related disorders would differently affect the association between coffee consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality among 8,075 adults aged 40 to 69 years.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, the study participants were biennially followed up for 12 years from 2001 to 2012. On each follow-up visit, the participants underwent comprehensive tests including anthropometric examinations, interviewer-administered questionnaires, and biochemical tests. Coffee consumption frequency and the amount were measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using death certificate data from Korean National Statistical Office, the vital status of each study participant was identified. Sleep-related disorders were examined with interviewer-administered questionnaires. We estimated Hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals from Cox Proportional Hazard models. Multivariable models were established after adjusting for center, total caloric intake, age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, education, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, c-reactive protein, energy-adjusted food groups of refined grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, and dairy.

Results

Compared with those who had no coffee consumption, participants who had about three cups of coffee per day showed a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, after adjusting for covariates. Those who had a sleep-related disorder showed no significant effect of coffee consumption on the risk of all-cause mortality, whereas those who had no sleep-related disorders showed significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that approximately three cups of coffee per day would be beneficial to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality only among adults with no sleep-related disorders. Coffee consumption should be prudent for those with sleep-related symptoms.

Keywords: coffee; all-cause mortality; sleep

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a fund (Grant 2001-347-6111-221, 2002-347-6111-221, 2003-347-6111-221, 2004-E71001-00, 2005-E71001-00, 2006-E71006-00, 2006-E71005-00, 2007-E71003-00, 2007-E71001-00, 2008-E71005-00, 2008-E71001- 00, 2009-E71007-00, 2009-E71002-00, 2010-E71004-00, 2010-E71001-00, 2011-E71008-00, 2011-E71004-00, 2012-E71008-00, 2012-E71005-00) from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funded by : Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Award ID : 2001-347-6111-221
Award ID : 2002-347-6111-221
Award ID : 2003-347-6111-221
Award ID : 2004-E71001-00
Award ID : 2005-E71001-00
Award ID : 2006-E71006-00
Award ID : 2006-E71005-00
Award ID : 2007-E71003-00
Award ID : 2007-E71001-00
Award ID : 2008-E71005-00
Award ID : 2008-E71001-00
Award ID : 2009-E71007-00
Award ID : 2009-E71002-00
Award ID : 2010-E71004-00
Award ID : 2010-E71001-00
Award ID : 2011-E71008-00
Award ID : 2011-E71004-00
Award ID : 2012-E71008-00
Award ID : 2012-E71005-00

Table 1

General characteristics of the study participants according to coffee consumption (n=8,075)

Table 1

1) Mean±SD

2) median (interquartile range)

3) caffeine measurement at the last follow-up

Table 2

Characteristics of sleep-related disorders according to frequencies of coffee consumption (n=8,075)

Table 2

1) %

2) Mean±SD

Table 3

Association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality (n=8,075)

Table 3

Crude model was adjusted for center and total caloric intake; Model I was additionally adjusted for age, sex, BMI, physical activity, education, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, and C-reactive protein; Model II was further adjusted for food groups of refined grain, vegetable, fruit, meat, fish, and dairy

Table 4

Hazard ratios on the association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality according to sleep-related disorders (n=8,075)

Table 4

Adjusted for center, total caloric intake, age, sex, BMI, physical activity, education, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, food groups of refined grain, vegetable, fruit, meat, fish, and dairy.