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The Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by Dietary Patterns of Middle-aged Adults in Gyeonggi Province


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The Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by Dietary Patterns of Middle-aged Adults in Gyeonggi Province

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2014;19(6):527-536
Publication date (electronic) : 2014 December 31
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.6.527
You-Sin Lee1, Moo-Yong Lee2, Sim-Yeol Lee1
1Department of Home Economics Education, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea.
2Cardiovascular Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
Corresponding author: Sim-Yeol Lee. Department of Home Economics Education, Dongguk University, Seoul 110-715, Korea. Tel: (02) 2260-3413, Fax: (02) 2265-1170, slee@dongguk.edu
Received 2014 November 27; Revised 2014 December 23; Accepted 2014 December 30.

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess how nutrient intakes are related to risk factors for metabolic syndrome according to dietary patterns in the middle-aged adults.

Methods

The subjects (n = 187; 47 men, 140 women) consisted of middle-aged adults over 30 years old in Ilsan area. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the data collected from each subject, including anthropometric measurements and blood analyses. The dietary patterns were derived from the average of two-day dietary intake data.

Results

Factor analysis identified three major dietary patterns which were "Meats and alcohol", "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits", and "Rice, Kimchi and fish & shellfish". The daily intakes of energy, protein, and sodium increased across quartiles of "Meats and alcohol" pattern scores (p < 0.05), whereas the intakes of carbohydrates, potassium, calcium, and fiber increased across quartiles of "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits" pattern scores (p < 0.001). The "Meats and alcohol" pattern scores were positively correlated with protein and sodium intakes but inversely correlated with carbohydrates, fiber and potassium intakes which were adjusted for age, sex and energy (p < 0.05). The highest quartile pattern score of "Meats and alcohol" pattern had elevated odds ratio of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05). The risk of hypertriglyceridemia decreased in the highest quartile of "Mixed grains, vegetables and fruits" pattern (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12-1.00).

Conclusions

Our results suggested that reducing the consumption of meat and alcohol along with increasing fruits, vegetables and mixed grains would be helpful for preventing the metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases.

Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; dietary patterns; middle-aged adults

Notes

This work was supported by the research program of Dongguk University

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funded by : Dongguk University

Table 1

Factor loading matrix for the 3 major dietary patterns according to intake amounts of food or food groups

Table 1

Factor loadings less than ±0.20 are not shown for simplicity.

Table 2

Comparison of characteristics by quartile scores of dietary patterns1)

Table 2

BMI: Body mass index

1) Factor score of each subject for a given factor was obtained by the sum of products of factor loading and standardized score of each variable, 2) Mean±SD, tested by linear trend test using generalized linear model, 3) %, tested by chi-square test, 4) Physical activity was assigned "Yes" if subjects engaged in physical activity at least 2 days or more per week.

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 3

Nutrient intakes by quartile scores of dietary patterns

Table 3

1) Mean±SD, 2) Adjusted for age, sex, 3) Adjusted for age, sex and energy intake

Table 4

Correlation coefficients between nutrient intakes and scores of dietary patterns

Table 4

1) Adjusted for age, sex and energy intake.

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Odds ratios for metabolic syndrome and its components by quartile scores of dietary patterns

Table 5

1) Odds ratios were adjusted by age, sex using logistic regression.

2) Serum fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL; Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg; Low serum HDL cholesterol < 50 mg/dL for women or < 40 mg/dL for men; Serum TG ≥ 150 mg/dL; Waist circumference ≥ 85 cm for women or ≥ 90 cm for men.