Effects of Nutrition Education and Personalized Lunch Service Program for Elderly at Senior Welfare Center in Jeonju

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2013;18(1):65-76

Publication date (electronic) : 2013 February 28

doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.65

Jeong-Sook Bae , Mi-Hyun Kim ¹, Sook-Bae Kim ²

Graduate School of Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.

¹Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Kangwon, Korea.

²Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.

Corresponding author: Sook-Bae Kim, Chonbuk National University, 664-14, Duk-Jin Dong 1-Ga, Duk-Jin Gu, Jeonju 561-756, Korea. Tel: (063) 270-3823, Fax: (063) 270-3854, sbkim@jbnu.ac.kr

Received 2012 October 29; Revised 2013 February 22; Accepted 2013 February 22.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a nutrition education and personalized lunch service program in a senior welfare center. A total of 30 elderly (14 males, 16 females) aged 62~89 years participated in this study. Nutrition education lessons (2 hour/lesson/week) were provided for 4 weeks. Also, ten weeks from week 3rd to week 12th, personalized lunch providing 1/3 personal needed energy was served 5 times for a week. After the nutrition intervention program, we compared anthropometric characteristics, blood biochemical characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake using 24 hr recall with those before the intervention. The body weight (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) were decreased. There were significant increases in score of nutrition knowledge (p < 0.01) and consumption of milk & milk products for snacks. There was a positive effect on fasting blood sugar (FBS) showing significant decreases in portion of impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). Also, serum triglyceride (TG) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), riboflavin (p < 0.01), vitamin C (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.05) were positively improved. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) and intakes of vitamin C (p < 0.001), riboflavin (p < 0.05), Ca (p < 0.01) and Fe (p < 0.05) were increased. In conclusion, this nutrition education and lunch service program providing 1/3 personal needed energy can be used to develop and implement a tailored nutritional intervention programs in the setting of a community senior welfare center to improve health and nutritional status of Korean elderly.

Keywords: nutrition education; senior welfare center; personalized lunch service; elderly

References

1. Ahn HJ, Koo BK, Jung JY, Kwon HR, Kim HJ, Park KS, Han KA, Min KW. Bowl-based meal plan versus food exchange-based meal plan for dietary intake control in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. Korean Diabetes J 2009. 33155–163.

2. Choe JS, Baeg HY. Seasonal variation of nutritional intake and quality in adults in longevity areas. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2004. 33(4)668–678.

3. Choi Y, Kim C, Park YS. The effect of nutritional education program in physical health, nutritional status and health-related quality of life of the elderly in Seoul. Korean J Nutr 2007. 40(3)270–280.

4. Do HJ, Lee YM. A study on customized nutrition intervention program design and application for the low-income elderly. Korean J Community Nutr 2011. 15(6)716–729.

5. Eom HS, Jeong MJ, Kim SB. A study on nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude, food habit of middle school students in Chonbuk area. Korean J Community Nutr 2005. 10(5)574–581.

6. Ha AH, Ryu HS. Patterns of food habits and food intake by age: base on the nutrition counseling data of medical health examination. Korean J Food Nutr 2010. 23(4)531–541.

7. Han KH, Choi MS, Park JS. Nutritional risk and its related factors evaluated by the mini nutritional assessment for the elderly who are meal service participants. Korean J Nutr 2004. 37(8)675–687.

8. Kang HJ, Shin EM, Kim KW. Evaluation of nutrition education for diabetes mellitus management of older adults. Korean J Community Nutr 2009. 14(6)734–745.

9. Kang Y, Kim M, Lee E. The relationship of perceived health status, activities of daily living and nutrition status in the community-dwelling Korea elderly. J Korean Acad Nurs 2008. 38(1)122–130.

10. Kim OS, Ryu HS. The study on blood lipid levels according to the food habits and food intake patterns in Korean elderly. Korean J Food Nutr 2009. 3421–429.

11. Kim SB, Choi HJ. Effects of nutrition education using food exchange system: changes in elementary students' nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and nutrients intake. Korean J Community Nutr 2008. 13(6)922–933.

12. Kim TY, Suh MO. The effect of nutrition education on weight control in male workers by the community health center. J Korean Diet Assoc 2008. 14(4)351–360.

13. Korea Health Industry Development Institute, KHIDI. Korea health industry statistics system 2009. cited 2012 January 10. Available from http://www.khidi.or.kr.

14. Korean Diabetes Association. Diabetes and Diet 2011. cited 2011 August 18. Available form http://www.diabetes.or.kr.

15. Korean National Statistical Office. The statistics of mortality and the causes 2010. cited 2011 December 26. Available from http://www.kostat.go.kr.

16. Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary Reference Intakes 2010. Seoul: Han-A Reum publishing; 579–583.

17. Lee DH. The effects of quality of life in the elderly's health condition. J Korean Gerontol Soc 2010. 30(1)93–108.

18. Lee SL, Kim YL, Lee SJ, Cho YK, Choi YK. Effects of diabetes education on diabetic management in non insulin-dependent diabetics mellitus patients. J Korean Diet Assoc 2004. 10(3)300–308.

19. Kim MJ, Kwon S, Ly SY. Effects of low glycemic index nutrition education on the blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Korean J Nutr 2010. 43(1)46–56.

20. Lee YA, Kim KN, Chang NS. The effect of nutrition education on weight control and diet quality in middle-aged women. Korean J Nutr 2008. 41(1)54–64.

21. Nam HM, Woo SH, Cho YJ, Choi YJ, Back SY, Yoon SY, Lee JY, Lee JJ, Lee HJ. Effects of nutritional education practice program for cardiocerebrovascular high-risk group at the education information center. Korean J Community Nutr 2011. 16(5)580–591.

22. Oh JY, Kim SB. Development and effects analysis of nutrition education program for diabetes mellitus at community health center-focus on individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units. Korean J Community Nutr 2010. 15(4)485–497.

23. Shim JE, Paik HY, Moon HK. Breakfast consumption pattern, diet quality and health outcomes in adults from 2001 national health and nutrition survey. Korean J Nutr 2007. 40(5)451–462.

24. Shin JW, Park YK, Seo SR, Kim JE. Factors influencing quality of life in elderly diabetic patients of Korea: Analysis from the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey in 2008. J Korean Gerontol Soc 2011. 31(3)479–487.

25. Son SM, Im HS, Kim JH, Lee JH, Seo JS, Son JM. Clinical Nutrition 2008. 4thth ed. Paju: Kyomunsa; 147–149. 186–189. 230–231. 261–262.

26. Yang EJ, Bang HM. Nutritional status and health risks of low income elderly women in Gwangju area. Korean J Nutr 2008. 41(1)65–76.

27. Yang IS, Jung HY, Lee HY, Chae IS. Analyzing the current practice of the home-delivered meal(HDM) service program for homebound elderly. Korean J Community Nutr 2003a. 8(5)736–743.

28. Yang JL, Seo HJ, Kim YH. Effects of nutrition education on nutritional status of hemodialysis patients. Korean J Nutr 2003b. 36(7)749–758.

29. Yim KS. The effects of a nutrition education program for hypertensive female elderly at the public health center. Korean J Community Nutr 2008. 13(5)640–652.

30. Yim KS, Lee TY. Sociodemographic factors associated with nutrients intakes of elderly in Korea. Korean J Nutr 2004. 37(3)210–222.

Article information Continued

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Table 1

Contents and tools of nutrition education

Table 2

General characteristics of the subjects

1) N (%)

Table 3

Characteristics of anthropometry between pre-test and post-test

1) Mean ± SD

2) BMI: Body Mass Index (kg/m²)

3) N (%)

^***: p < 0.001 by paired t-test or Wilcoxon test

Table 4

Eating habits between pre-test and post-test

1) N (%)

Table 5

Dietary attitude between pre-test and post-test

1) Mean ± SD, 2) R: Reverse

1: Undesirable dietary attitude

2: Sometimes desirable dietary attitude

3: Frequently desirable dietary attitude

4: Always desirable dietary attitude

^*: p < 0.05 by paired t-test

Table 6

Nutrition knowledge between pre-test and post-test

1) Mean ± SD

1: Right, 0: Wrong

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by paired t-test

Table 7

Blood biochemical parameters between pre-test and post-test

1) Fast Blood Sugar

2) N (%)

3) Mean ± SD

4) Blood Urea Nitrogen

^*: p < 0.05 by paired t-test or Wilcoxon test

Table 8

Energy and nutrient intakes between pre-test and post-test

1) EER: Estimated Energy Requirements, 2) N (%), 3) EAR: Estimated Average Requirements, 4) RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, 5) AI: Adequate Intake, 6) UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level, 7) Goal: population nutrient intake goal

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by Wilcoxon test

Table 9

INQ between pre-test and post-test

1) INQ: Index of Nutritional Quality

2) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by paired t-test