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Mother's Parenting Style at Meal Time and Their Preschooler's Dietary Behavior


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Mother's Parenting Style at Meal Time and Their Preschooler's Dietary Behavior

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2017;22(1):13-21
Publication date (electronic) : 2017 February 28
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.1.13
Soyeon Park1, Youngmee Lee2orcid_icon
1Department of Food and Nutrition,Graduate School of Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea.
2Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University Global Campus, Sungnam, Korea.
Corresponding author: Youngmee Lee. Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University Global Campus, Sungnam 13120, Korea. Tel: (031) 750-5971, Fax: (031) 7505971, leeym@gachon.ac.kr
Received 2017 January 04; Revised 2017 February 17; Accepted 2017 February 17.

Abstract

Objectives

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrition quotient (NQ) by mother's parenting style which may influence the NQ in preschool children.

Methods

Subjects were 310 mothers and their 4-6 year old children. The questionnaire composed of demographic characteristics, mother's parenting style at meal time and eating behavior as measured by NQ questions. The NQ questions consisted of 19 food behavior checklist items and all items were grouped into 5 factors: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. Mother's parenting style was classified by using words for nutrition education at meal time. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 23) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by Student's t-test, χ2-test, One-way ANOVA.

Results

We observed that in children whose mothers use the parenting style at meal time of ‘explanation’ and ‘compliment & cheer up’ had high dietary regularity, diversity, practice. The children of mothers who use the parenting style at meal time of ‘persuasion’ and ‘reward’ were found to have a lower degree of balance, diversity, and practice. Especially, children of ‘reward’ style mothers had lower moderation of dietary life. On the other hand, among the parenting style at meal time of ‘comparison & demand’, ‘treating’ and ‘faire’, there was no significant difference in the NQ factor by each group. NQ grade was higher among those who used more explanation (p < 0.001) and persuasion (p < 0.01) and with use of less persuasion (p < 0.01) and reward (p < 0.01). The positive association observed between the frequency of dietary education of mothers and higher NQ grade indicated the degree of dietary practices of those children. On the other hand, the children of mothers who rarely practice the dietary education at home had lower NQ grade (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In order to promote children's proper dietary behaviors, it is important to provide nutrition education to children as well as provide guidance on parenting style at meal time.

Keywords: parenting style; dietary behavior; preschool children; nutrition quotient; nutrition education

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Mother's parenting style at meal time (total N = 310)

Table 1

Mother's parenting style at meal time

Table 1

Table 2

General characteristics of the study subjects

Table 2

Table 3

Score of nutrition quotient (NQ) of the children

Table 3

1) Balance Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 3.8)

2) Mean±SD

3) Diversity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 0)

4) Moderation Score: 10 (max: 10, min: 1.2)

5) Regularity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 3.0)

6) Practice Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 2.8)

7) NQ Score: 100 (max: 90.7, min: 34.0)

Table 4

Nutrition quotient (NQ) grade by mother's parenting frequency and message conveyed

Table 4

1) N (%)

***: p < 0.001

Table 5

Nutrition quotient(NQ) score by mother's parenting style

Table 5

1) Balance Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 3.75)

2) Diversity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 0)

3) Moderation Score: 10 (max: 10, min: 1.21)

4) Regularity Score: 20 (max: 20, min: 2.97)

5) Practice Score: 25 (max: 25, min: 2.75)

6) Mean±SD

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Nutrition quotient(NQ) grade by mother's parenting style

Table 6

1) N (%)

**: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001