Effects of Nutrition Education Providing School Lunch by Personalized Daily Needed Food Exchange Units for Adolescent Athletes in Jeonbuk Province

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2016;21(1):25-36

Publication date (electronic) : 2016 February 29

doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.25

¹Graduate School of Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.

²Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.

Corresponding author: Sook-Bae Kim. Chonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Korea. Tel: (063) 270-3823, Fax: (063) 270-3854, sbkim@jbnu.ac.kr

Received 2015 December 03; Revised 2015 December 17; Accepted 2016 February 24.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education providing school lunch by personalized daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System for adolescent athletes.

Methods

The subjects were 60 sports high school students (educated group, 30 vs. non-educated group 30). Nutrition education was provided for 4 weeks (40 min/lesson/week). In addition, personalized school lunch was served for 4 weeks, nutrition education period. The personalized lunch were provided Food Exchange Units according to personalized daily needed energy. The lessons were '5 Major nutrients, functions and foods', 'My daily needed energy and food exchange units by Food Exchange System', 'My meal plan by food exchange units according to my daily needed energy' and 'Smart choice of healthy snacks and eating outs'. After nutrition education, we examined the differences in anthropometric characteristics, nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake between the educated and the non-educated group.

Results

We observed improvements in lean body mass in the educated group. With regard to nutrition knowledge, there were improvements in 'Functions of vitamins', 'Functions of minerals', 'Foods of fat', 'Foods of vitamin', and 'Foods of mineral' in the educated group. In relation to dietary attitude, there were improvements in 'Taking a meal with family and friend', 'Taking a meal at ease', 'Taking a meal with kimchi and vegetables', 'Taking a meal with three kinds of side dishes', 'Priority of choosing snacks' and 'Type of snacks' in the educated group. With regard to dietary intakes according to Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, there were improvements in intakes levels of fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, folate, calcium, iron and zinc. The index of nutrition quality, as indicated by nutrition adequacy ratio also improved in the educated group.

Conclusions

These results showed that a nutrition education program providing education lessons and personalized school lunch by food exchange units according to daily needed energy showed positive changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of adolescent athletes. Nutrition education program providing personalized school lunch by Food Exchange Units may improve dietary behaviors and dietary intakes of adolescents.

Keywords: Food Exchange System; adolescent athletes; nutrition education; KDRI; personalized school lunch

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Table 1

Contents and tools of nutrition education

Table 2

Effects of nutrition education on anthropometric characteristics of the subjects

1) Mean±SD

2) Lean Body Mass (kg) = Weight − kg Fat

3) Lean Body Mass (%) = 100 − % Fat

^**: p < 0.01 by t-test

Table 3

Effects of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge of the subjects

Score: non-corrected, 0; corrected, 1

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 4

Effects of nutrition education on dietary attitudes of the subjects

(R) denotes a negatively phrased and reversely scored item

Score: hardly, 1; occasionally, 2; frequently, 3; usually, 4

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05 by t-test

Table 5

Effects of nutrition education on type, frequency of snack

1) N (%)

^**: p < 0.01 by chi-square test

Table 6

Effects of nutrition education on energy, protein and fiber intake of the subjects

1) EER: Estimated Energy Requirement

2) N (%)

3) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement

4) RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake

5) AI: Adequate Intake

^***: p < 0.001 by Mann-Whitney U Test

Table 7

Effects of nutrition education on vitamins intake of the subjects

1) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement

2) N (%)

3) RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake

4) UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level

5) AI: Adequate Intake

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by Mann-Whitney U Test

Table 8

Effects of nutrition education on minerals intake of the subjects

1) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement

2) N (%)

3) RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake

4) UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level

5) AI: Adequate Intake

6) Goal: population nutrient intake goal

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 by Mann-Whitney U Test

Table 9

Effects of nutrition education on NAR and MAR of the subjects

1) NAR: nutrition adequacy ration

2) Mean±SD

3) MAR: mean adequacy ration

^*: p < 0.05 by t-test