Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Abnormalities in Korea Children and Adolescents and Nutrient intakes: Using 2008 the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2014;19(2):133-141

Publication date (electronic) : 2014 April 30

doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.133

Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.

Corresponding author: Mi-Ja Choi. Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, 1000 Sindang-dong, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, Korea. Tel: (053) 580-5874, Fax: (053) 580-5885, choimj@kmu.ac.kr

Received 2013 December 13; Revised 2014 March 01; Accepted 2014 March 14.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), metabolic abnormalities, and nutrient intakes in Korea children and adolescents using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008.

Methods

A sample of 838 children and adolescent males (n = 442) and females (n = 396) aged 10-18 was used from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey. The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome subjects was adapted from modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III by Ford. To compare nutrient intakes, we used a judgment sampling. The first group was composed of all children and adolescents (n = 46) with MS. The second one along with the first group had children and adolescents with the same age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) but without MS (n = 46). The control group like the first two had children and adolescents with same sex and same age but with normal BMI and without MS (n = 46).

Results

In this randomized controlled controlled trial, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 5.8%. The risk factors was associated with the MS were abdominal obesity 9.4%, hypertriglyceridemia 25.0%, low HDL-cholesterol 10.3%, hypertension 23.4%, and hyperglycemia 7.1%. Among metabolic abnormalities, blood pressure was significantly affected by sex, age and obesity. On the other hand, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and waist circumference were directly linked to obesity. There were no significant differences in nutrient intakes among the three groups.

Conclusions

The prevalence of MS was higher in children (10-11 years old) than in adolescents (12-18 years old). There was a difference in hypertension among risk factors by gender, and there were no significant differences in nutrient intakes.

Keywords: prevalence of metabolic syndrome; children and adolescents; nutrient intake

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Table 1

Modified NCEP/ATP III Definition of Metabolic Syndrome for Children and Adolescents

1) WC: Waist circumference

2) HDL-cholesterol: High density lipoprotein cholesterol

Table 2

Age, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical indices of the subjects

1) p-value by t-test

2) Mean ± SD

3) WC: Waist circumference, 4) SBP: Systolic blood pressure, 5) DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, 6) TG: Triglycerides, 7) HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol, 8) FPG: Fasting plasma glucose

Table 3

Prevalence of individual metabolic abnormalities by gender

1) p-value by χ²-test

2) Unweighted frequency (Estimated %)

Table 4

Prevalence of individual metabolic abnormalities by age

1) p-value by χ²-test

2) Unweighted frequency (Estimated %)

Table 5

Prevalence of individual metabolic abnormalities by obesity

1) Normal: 5 - 85th percentiles of BMI for age in Korean growth chart

2) Overweight: 85 - 95th percentiles of BMI for age in Korean growth chart

3) Obesity: above the 95th percentiles of BMI for age in Korean growth chart or BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²

4) p-value by χ²-test

5) Unweighted frequency (Estimated %)

Table 6

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome

1) p-value by χ²-test

2) Unweighted frequency (Estimated %)

Table 7

The mean energy and nutrient intake by groups

1) Group 1: This group is composed of children and adolescents (46) with Metabolic Syndrome

2) Group 2: This group has been configured identically to Group 1 in age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) but without Metabolic Syndrome

3) Group 3: This group has been configured identically to Group 1 in sex and age but with normal body mass index (BMI) and without Metabolic Syndrome

4) p-values by one-way ANOVA

5) Mean ± SD