Development of Nutrition Education Program for Hypertension Based on Health Belief Model, Applying Focus Group Interview

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2012;17(5):623-636

Publication date (electronic) : 2012 October 31

doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.623

Seoyun Park , Jong-Sook Kwon ¹, Cho-il Kim ², Yoonna Lee ², Hye-Kyeong Kim

Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea.

¹Department of Food & Nutrition, Shingu College, Songnam, Korea.

²Nutrition Policy & Promotion Team, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hye-Kyeong Kim, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1, Yeokgok 2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Gyeonggi-do 420-743, Korea. Tel: (02) 2164-4314, Fax: (02) 2164-4314, hkyeong@catholic.ac.kr

Received 2012 September 28; Revised 2012 October 26; Accepted 2012 October 26.

Abstract

Health Belief Model is a socio-psychological theory of decision making to individual health-related behaviors. This study was aimed to develop an effective education program for hypertension based on health belief model. The main factors of health belief model were investigated by focus group interview (FGI) with 23 hypertensive or prehypertensive subjects aged over fifty years. 'Perceived susceptibility' to hypertension was family history, neglect of health care, preference for salty food, broth of soup and stew. Lifelong medication, complications, and medical costs were reported as 'perceived severity' of hypertension. 'Perceived benefits' of hypertension management were decrease of medicinal dose, reduction of medical costs, and healthy eating habits of the family, while 'perceived barriers' were lack of palatability of low salt diet, convenience-oriented dietary habits, and limited choice of foods when eating out. Subjects mentioned TV health programs, public health center programs, and advice from doctors and family as 'cues to action' of hypertension management. These qualitative information provided basis for developing a nutrition education program for hypertension which could be implemented in the public health center. Eight week program was composed of understanding hypertension, risk factor management (eating habits, weight), low salt diet (principles, cooking), advanced management for healthy diet in 2 sessions, and summary. Each session was designed to alert the susceptibility and severity, to emphasize the benefits, and to reduce the barriers by providing dietary monitoring, practical advice, and action tips.

Keywords: health belief model; hypertension; focus group interview; nutrition education

Notes

This research was supported by grants from Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI-Food-2010-97).

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