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Characteristics of the Health Factors in 45~60 Year Old Korean Women related to Menopausal Stages - Based on 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey -


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Characteristics of the Health Factors in 45~60 Year Old Korean Women related to Menopausal Stages - Based on 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey -

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2012;17(4):450-462
Publication date (electronic) : 2012 August 31
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.4.450
Hye-Jin Lee, Kwang-Hyun Cho1, Kyung-Hea Lee
Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, Korea.
1Department of Basic Sciences, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, Korea.
Corresponding author: Kyung-Hea Lee, Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 9 Sarim-Dong, Uichanggu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea. Tel: (055) 213-3514, Fax: (055) 281-7480, khl@changwon.ac.kr
Received 2012 June 01; Revised 2012 July 19; Accepted 2012 August 21.

Abstract

We analyzed data from the combined 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to compare the health factors related to menopausal stages in 45~60 year old Korean women. In this study, we classified the subjects into a premenopausal group (n = 439) and a postmenopausal group (n = 683). In the postmenopausal group, age was higher (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.01) and education levels (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than in the premenopausal group. Body fat % and waist circumferences were also higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. The serum glucose (p < 0.05), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p < 0.001), GOT (p < 0.001), GPT (p < 0.001) in the postmenopausal group were higher than in the premenopausal group. The postmenopausal group showed a significantly lower quality of life compared to the premenopausal group (p < 0.01). With regard to dietary quality, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin in the postmenopausal group were significantly lower than in the premenopausal group. The levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride showed a significantly positive correlation with age, waist circumferences, body fat % and BMI. The 45~60 year old Korean women in this study showed high levels of obesity and serum lipids. Also, intakes of the vitamins and minerals of the women did not meet the level of Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Therefore, nutritional risk may be high in the women, especially in postmenopausal women. In order to prevent the health risk, women's health care including the quality of the meal should be considered.

Keywords: middled-aged women; women's health; menopausal women; health factors

Notes

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology(grant number. 2011-0013053)

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Table 1

General and life style characteristics by menopausal stages

Table 1

1) Values are Mean ± SE or N (%)

2) by t-test or chi-square test (*: p<0.05, **: p<0.01, ***: p<0.001)

Table 2

Anthropometric characteristics by menopausal stages

Table 2

1) Values are Mean ± SE

2) by t-test (***: p < 0.001)

Table 3

Serum biochemical values by menopausal stages

Table 3

1) Values are Mean ± SE

2) by t-test (*: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001)

3) GOT: Glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase

4) GPT: Glutamate pyruvate transaminase

5) Hb: Hemoglobin

6) Hct: Hematocrit

7) WBC: White blood cell

8) RBC: Red blood cell

Table 4

Mental health by menopausal stages

Table 4

1) Values are Mean ± SE

2) EQ-5D index: EuroQo1-5Dimension index

3) by t-test (**: p < 0.01)

Table 5

Average daily nutrient intakes and KDRIs % by menopausal stages

Table 5

1) KDRIs: Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans

2) Values are Mean ± SE

3) by t-test (***: p < 0.001)

4) Intaked energy distribution ratio of carbohydrate:protein:fat

§: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), †: Recommended Intake (RI), ‡: Adequate Intake (AI)

Table 6

NAR and MAR values of nutrients by menopausal stages

Table 6

1) NAR: Nutrient Adequacy Ratio

2) Values are Mean ± SE

3) by t-test (*: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001)

4) MAR: Mean Adequacy Ratio

Table 7

Correlation coefficients between health indicators and related factors in middle-aged women

Table 7

1) by Pearson's correlation (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001)