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Nutrition Status of Elderly Female Patients in Long-term Care Hospital according to Meal Types and Eating Ability


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Nutrition Status of Elderly Female Patients in Long-term Care Hospital according to Meal Types and Eating Ability

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2014;19(2):187-197
Publication date (electronic) : 2014 April 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.187
Hyejin Ahn, Juhee Kang1, Hongmie Lee
Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Daejin University, Pocheon, Korea.
1Department of Food & Nutrition, Suwon Women's University, Hwasung, Korea.
Corresponding author: Hongmie Lee. Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Daejin University, Pocheon, Kyeonggi-do 487-711, Korea. Tel: (031) 539-1862, Fax: (031) 539-1860, hmlee@daejin.ac.kr
Received 2014 February 14; Revised 2014 March 24; Accepted 2014 March 24.

Abstract

Objectives

This study was carried out to determine nutritional status of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital according to meal type and eating ability.

Methods

Subjects were 47 female patients aged over 65 (79.3 ± 7.1 years) who resided in a long-term care hospital in Seoul. Thirty seven patients who ate diet orally were grouped according to meal type (27 general diet and 10 soft diet) and eating ability (26 eating by oneself and 11 eaten with help) and 10 were on tube feeding. Nutritional status was determined by food consumption and mid-arm circumference.

Results

The mean adequacy ratios (MARs) of 12 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C) were 0.687 for general diet, 0.565 for soft diet, 0.680 for eating by oneself and 0.677 for eaten with help, which were significantly lower than 0.982 for tube feeding (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The patients on tube feeding had significantly lower % arm circumference compared to those who ate general diet (84.0% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p < 0.05). Nutrients intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were not different between meal types as well as eating ability. The most insufficiently consumed nutrients by the patients on diet were folic acid, vitamin B2, and calcium (NAR 0.334~0.453, 0.515~0.539, and 0.516~0.533, respectively).

Conclusions

The results suggested that regardless of meal type or eating ability, the subjects who were on diets in this study might have inadequate intake of folic acid as well as vitamin B2, and calcium, which need to be reflected on menu planning. The measurement of mid-arm circumference presented more risk of malnutrition of patients on tube feeding than those on diets, despite apparently better nutrient consumption.

Keywords: elderly; female; mid arm circumference; tube feeding; soft diet

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Table 1

General characteristics of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types.

Table 1

1) Mean ± SD

2) N (%)

Table 2

Health-related factors of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

Table 2

1) p value between meal types (tube feeding, general diet, soft diet) by χ2 test

2) p value between eating ability (tube feeding, by oneself, eaten by helper) by χ2 test

3) N (%)

Table 3

Factors affecting eating of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

Table 3

1) p value between meal types (general diet, soft diet) by χ2 test

2) p value between eating ability (by oneself, Eaten by helper) by χ2 test

3) N (%)

Table 4

Arm circumferences of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

Table 4

1) p value between meal types (tube feeding, general diet, soft diet)

2) p value between eating ability (tube feeding, by oneself, eaten by helper)

3) Mean ± SD (N)

ab: Means with different superscripts are significantly different from each other at α = 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.

Table 5

Nutrition intakes of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

Table 5

1) p value between meal types (tube feeding, general diet, soft diet)

2) p value between eating ability (tube feeding, by oneself, eaten by helper)

3) Mean ± SD

ab/AB: Means with different superscripts are significantly different from each other at α = 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.

Table 6

Nutrition adequacy ratio of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

Table 6

1) p value between meal types (tube feeding, general diet, soft diet)

2) p value between eating ability (tube feeding, by oneself, eaten by helper)

3) Mean ± SD

4) MAR: Mean Nutrient Adequacy Ratios (sum of NAR/12)

ab/AB: Means with different superscripts are significantly different from each other at α = 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.

Table 7

Index of Nutrient Quality of elderly female patients in long-term care hospital according to meal types and eating ability

Table 7

1) p value between meal types (tube feeding, general diet, soft diet)

2) p value between eating ability (tube feeding, by oneself, eaten by helper)

3) Mean ± SD

ab/AB: Means with different superscripts are significantly different from each other at α = 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test.