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Changes in Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students between 1999 and 2009


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Changes in Food and Nutrient Intakes of College Students between 1999 and 2009

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2011;16(3):324-336
Publication date (electronic) : 2011 June 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.3.324
Han Byul Jang, Hwa Young Lee, Young-Hee Han, Jeehye Song, Ki Nam Kim, Taisun Hyun
Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
Corresponding author: Taisun Hyun, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. Tel:(043) 261-2790, Fax:(043) 267-2742, taisun@chungbuk.ac.kr
Received 2011 May 25; Revised 2011 June 07; Accepted 2011 June 22.

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to examine the changes of food and nutrient intakes of college students between 1999 and 2009. Dietary survey of 169 college students was conducted by a 24-hour recall method for three days in 2009. Food and nutrient intakes in 2009 were compared with the data from 106 students collected by the same methods in 1999. The intakes of cereals & grain products and vegetables in 2009 were lower than those of 1999, but the intakes of meats, eggs, milk & milk products, and manufactured food were higher. The intake of rice per person decreased greatly from 452.2 g in 1999 to 351.4 g in 2009 in males, and from 306.9 g to 237.2 g in females. While the intakes of protein, fat, thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and cholesterol were significantly higher, the intakes of dietary fiber were significantly lower in 2009 compared to 1999 both in males and females. The nutrients consumed less than the Recommended Intakes were vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, and calcium in males and additionally folate, iron, and zinc in females in both 1999 and 2009. The ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat as energy was 61 : 15 : 24 and 60 : 14 : 26 in 1999, and 54 : 16 : 30 and 56 : 15 : 29 in 2009 in males and females respectively, showing that carbohydrate intake decreased and fat intake increased greatly. Our data suggest that nutrition education is necessary for college students to help them consume more vegetables and fruits and less fat and cholesterol.

Keywords: college students; food intake; nutrient intake; dietary survey

Notes

This work was supported by the research grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2009.

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2011 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Comparison of food source consumed by the subjects

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat.

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

Nutrient intakes of male students as percentages of Recommend Intakes.

1) Energy intake was compared with Estimated Energy Requirement.

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between 1999 and 2009 by t-test

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

Nutrient intakes of female students as percentage of Recommend Intakes.

1) Energy intake was compared with Estimated Energy Requirement

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between 1999 and 2009 by t-test

Fig. 5

Fig. 5

Percentages of male students whose intake of selected nutrient was less than Estimated Average Requirement.

1) Estimated Energy Requirement was used for energy

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01: Significantly different by χ2-test

Fig. 6

Fig. 6

Percentages of female students whose intake of selected nutrient was less than Estimated Average Requirement.

1) Estimated Energy Requirement was used for energy

**: p < 0.01: Significantly different by χ2-test

Table 1

Age and anthropometric data of the subjects

Table 1

1) Mean±SD

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01 Significantly different from the data in 2009 by t-test

Table 2

Body mass index (BMI) distribution of the subjects

Table 2

1) N (%)

Table 3

General characteristics of the subjects

Table 3

1) N (%)

*: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001 Significantly different by χ2-test

Table 4

Mean intakes of food groups

Table 4

1) Change rate = intake in 2009/intake in 1999

2) unit: g

Table 5

Top 10 most consumed foods in 1999 and 2009

Table 5

Table 6

Mean daily nutrient intakes of the subjects

Table 6

1) Mean ± SD

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001: Significantly different from the intakes in 2009 by t-test