Jee-Young Yeon; Chung Ja Sung

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.5.569

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A Study on Dietary Mineral Intakes, Urinary Mineral Excretions, and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Postmenopausal Women: Jee-Young Yeon, Chung Ja Sung; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2011;16(5):569-579.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.5.569
Published online: October 31, 2011

Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jee-Young Yeon, Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-dong 2(i)-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea. Tel: (02) 710-9453, Fax: (02) 710-9453, yonwl@yahoo.co.kr

• Received: July 29, 2011 • Revised: September 11, 2011 • Accepted: October 12, 2011

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Abstract
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the urinary Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Mn levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in sixty-two postmenopausal women. The study was conducted through anthropometric checkup, 24-hour recall, 24-hour urine and bone mineral density using DEXA. Average age, height, weight and body fat of the subjects were respectively 65.39 years, 150.19 cm, 58.03 kg and 37.22%. The average spine and femoral neck BMD of subjects were -2.19, -3.13. The mean intakes of Ca, P and Mg were 524.7 mg, 993.10 mg, and 254.6 mg and those of Zn, Cu and Mn were 8.6 mg, 1.5 mg, and 3.5 mg. The average 24-hour urinary excretion of Ca (UCa), P (UP) and Mg (UMg) were 161.07 mg, 673.68 mg, and 99.87 mg. The average 24-hour urinary excretion of Zn (UZn), Cu (UCu) and Mn (UMn) were 366.50 µg, 22.57 µg, and 1.55 µg. Ca intake showed significantly positive correlations with urinary UCa (p < 0.05), UMg (p < 0.01) and spine BMD (p < 0.05). P intake showed significantly positive correlations with UCa (p < 0.05), UMg (p < 0.05) and UZn (p < 0.05). Mg intake showed significantly positive correlations with UZn (p < 0.05) and Mn intake showed significantly positive correlations with UCa (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicates that Ca intake and UMg is the most important factor to increase spine BMD. On the other hand, UCa is the most important factor to decrease spine BMD. Higher femoral neck BMD was related to UP, while lower femoral neck BMD was related to UCa. In conclusion, Dietary intake of Ca showed positive effect of spine BMD, while excessive P intake showed negative effect on BMD due to increases in UCa, UMg and UZn. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between bone metabolism and mineral excretion.
Keywords: calcium intake; urinary calcium; magnesium; phosphorus excretion; bone mineral density

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Table 1

Anthropometric measurements in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Body mass index

Table 2

Mean daily energy and nutrient intakes in postmenopausal women

1) KDRIs; dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, 2) Mean ± SD, 3) Percent of Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) of 2010 KDRIs, 4) Percent of Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of 2010 KDRIs, 5) Percent of Adequate Intake(AI) of 2010 KDRIs

Table 3

Mineral intake from each food group in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD

Table 4

Levels of urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD

Table 5

Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels, anthropometric measurements and BMD in postmenopausal women

1) Body mass index [weight(kg)/height(m²)] ^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels, mineral intakes and BMD in postmenopausal women

^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 7

Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels and BMD in postmenopausal women

^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 8

Stepwise regression model for BMD, urinary excretion and dietary mineral intakes

Variables: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese of urin e and diet

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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A Study on Dietary Mineral Intakes, Urinary Mineral Excretions, and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Postmenopausal Women

Korean J Community Nutr. 2011;16(5):569-579. Published online October 31, 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.5.569

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A Study on Dietary Mineral Intakes, Urinary Mineral Excretions, and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Postmenopausal Women

Table 1

Anthropometric measurements in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Body mass index

Table 2

Mean daily energy and nutrient intakes in postmenopausal women

Table 3

Mineral intake from each food group in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD

Table 4

Levels of urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD

Table 5

Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels, anthropometric measurements and BMD in postmenopausal women

1) Body mass index [weight(kg)/height(m²)] ^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6

Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels, mineral intakes and BMD in postmenopausal women

^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 7

Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels and BMD in postmenopausal women

^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 8

Stepwise regression model for BMD, urinary excretion and dietary mineral intakes

Variables: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese of urin e and diet

Table 1 Anthropometric measurements in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Body mass index

Table 2 Mean daily energy and nutrient intakes in postmenopausal women

Table 3 Mineral intake from each food group in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD

Table 4 Levels of urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese in postmenopausal women

1) Mean ± SD

Table 5 Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels, anthropometric measurements and BMD in postmenopausal women

1) Body mass index [weight(kg)/height(m²)] ^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 6 Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels, mineral intakes and BMD in postmenopausal women

^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 7 Correlation coefficients among urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese levels and BMD in postmenopausal women

^*: p < 0.05 ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001

Table 8 Stepwise regression model for BMD, urinary excretion and dietary mineral intakes

Variables: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese of urin e and diet