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The Nutrient Intakes and their Relationships with the Use of Diuretics, Symptom Severity and Physical Functioning in Heart Failure Patients


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The Nutrient Intakes and their Relationships with the Use of Diuretics, Symptom Severity and Physical Functioning in Heart Failure Patients

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2016;21(2):190-199
Publication date (electronic) : 2016 April 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.190
Jun Hee Jang1, Haejung Lee1orcid_icon, Youngjoo Park1, Kook Jin Chun2, Jong Hyun Kim3
1School of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
2Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital,/College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
3Department of Internal Medicine, BHS Hanseo Hospital, Busan, Korea.
Corresponding author: Haejung Lee. College of Nursing, Pusan National University, 20, Geumoro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: (051) 510-8344, Fax: (051) 510-8308, haejung@pusan.ac.kr
Received 2015 November 24; Revised 2016 January 31; Accepted 2016 April 04.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in nutrient intake according to using diuretics, symptom severity and degree of physical functioning in heart failure patients.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted by using baseline data of an intervention study for heart failure patients. In this study, 131 heart failure patients were included. Data were collected using medical records, NYHA (New York Heart Association functional classification) class, and 6-minute-walking test and 24-hour diet recall. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test by SPSS 21.0. Nutrient intake was assessed using CAN-pro 2.0.

Results

Majority of the participants consumed total calorie less than Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) and consumed carbohydrates more than 65% of their total calorie intakes. 24.4% of the participants consumed fat more than 30% of their total calorie intakes and 23.7% consumed saturated fat more than 7% of their total calorie intakes. 100.0% of the participants consumed protein less than 7% of their total calorie intakes and 73.3% of the participants consumed more than recommended intakes of sodium. More than 90.0% of the participants consumed less than adequate intakes of potassium (90.1%) and Vitamin D (91.6%), respectively. 100% and 62.6% of the participants consumed less than Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of magnesium and Vitamin B1, respectively. Nutrient intakes in heart failure patients were different for potassium intake according to the usage of diuretics. The participants with symptom severity tended to intake protein less properly and the participants walking more than 300.0 m tended to intake sodium improperly high.

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicated the need for screening nutrient intakes of heart failure patients. It is necessary to increase the intake of total calories and most nutrients and to restrict sodium intakes among heart failure patients.

Keywords: heart failure; nutrient intake; exercise capacity

Acknowledgments

(1) This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2012R1A1A2041893)

(2) This manuscript is a revision of the first author's master's theses from Pusan National University.

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funded by : National Research Foundation of Koreahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725
Award ID : NRF-2012R1A1A2041893

Table 1

Characteristics and Levels of Physical Functioning of the Study Participants (N=131)

Table 1

1) NYHA class=New York Heart Association Functional classification class

Table 2

Nutrient Intake Status of the Study Participants (N=131)

Table 2

1) Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), age 50 − 64, male=2,200 kcal/day, female=1,800 kcal/day, over age 65, male= 2,000 kcal/day, female=1,600 kcal/day; Potassium Adequate Intake (AI), over age 50, male & female=3,500 mg/day; Magnesium Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), over age 50, male=305 mg/day, female=235 mg/day; Magnesium Tolerable Upper Intake (UL), over age 50, male & female=350 mg/day; Calcium EAR age 50 − 64, male=600 mg/day, female=580 mg/day, over age 65, male=570 mg/day, female=560 mg/day; Calcium UL over age 50, male & female= 2000 mg/day; Vitamin B1 EAR, over age 50, male=1.0 mg/day, female=0.9 mg/day; Vitamin D AI, age 50 − 64, male & female=10 µg/day, over age 65, male & female=15 µg/day; Vitamin D UL, over age 50, male & female=100 µg/day.

Table 3

Nutrient Intake Status according to the Usage of Diuretics, Symptom Severity and Physical Functioning (N=131)

Table 3

1) Estimated Energy Requirement (EER), age 50 − 64, male=2,200 kcal/day, female=1,800 kcal/day, over age 65, male=2,000 kcal/day, female=1,600 kcal/day; Potassium Adequate Intake (AI), over age 50, male & female=3,500mg/day; Magnesium Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), over age 50, male=305 mg/day, female=235mg/day; Magnesium Tolerable Upper Intake (UL), over age 50, male & female=350 mg/day; Calcium EAR age 50 − 64, male=600 mg/day, female=580 mg/day, over age 65, male=570 mg/day, female=560mg/day; Calcium UL over age 50, male & female=2000 mg/day; Vitamin B1 EAR, over age 50, male=1.0mg/day, female=0.9 mg/day; Vitamin D AI, age 50 − 64, male & female=10 µg/day, over age 65, male & female=15 µg/day; Vitamin D UL, over age 50, male & female=100 µg/day.