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Development and Evaluation of the Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Folate Intake in Women of Child-bearing Age


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Development and Evaluation of the Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Folate Intake in Women of Child-bearing Age

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2012;17(2):156-166
Publication date (electronic) : 2012 April 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.156
Bo Ram Han, Hyun Sook Bae1
Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
1Graduate School of Cultural Industry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
Corresponding author: Hyun Sook Bae, Graduate School of Cultural Industry, Sungshin Women's University, 147 Mia-dong, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 142-732, Korea. Tel: (02) 920-7558, Fax: (02) 920-2076, hsbae@sungshin.ac.kr
Received 2012 January 04; Revised 2012 March 14; Accepted 2012 March 28.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the simple semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing folate intake in women of reproductive age. We developed a 30-item FFQ, and tested the reliability and validity in 97 women aged between 20 and 39 yrs using the FFQs and 24-h recalls, which were carried out twice, respectively. Assessing the reliability, the correlation coefficients were 0.53 (Spearman's) and 0.49 (Pearson's) for folate. There was no significant difference of folate intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2. 36.1% subjects were classified into the same quartile and 83.5% into the same or adjacent quartile divided by folate intake. On determining the validity, the mean folate intake obtained from the FFQ (FFQ1) and 24h-recalls (2-d) were 306.6 ± 167.2 µg/d and 326.9 ± 103.3 µg/d, respectively. There was no significant difference between folate intakes from the two methods. The correlation coefficients for folate were 0.24 (Spearman's) and 0.26 (Pearson's). 39.2% of the subjects were categorized into the same quartile and 70.1% were into the same or adjacent quartile. In addition, sensitivity (64.3%) and specificity (62.3%) were estimated to evaluate the adequacy of folate intake. These results suggest that this FFQ would be a useful and a valuable instrument to assess the intake of folate among the Korean women of child-bearing age.

Keywords: folate; FFQ; reliability; validity; child-bearing women

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

Table 1

Food items, reference amount and frequency of folate FFQ1) used in this study

Table 1

1) FFQ: Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) Subjects chose one among these 9 frequencies at each food item, respectively

Table 2

Comparison of daily nutrient intake between FFQ1 and FFQ21)

Table 2

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) NS (Not Significant), *: p < 0.05

3) Mean ± SD

Table 3

Correlation coefficients between nutrients estimated by FFQ1 and FFQ21)

Table 3

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001

Table 4

Quartile distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1 and FFQ2 according to folate intake

Table 4

FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 5

Percent of subjects classified into the same and upto adjacent quartiles of folate intake

Table 5

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 6

Comparison of daily nutrient intake between FFQ11) and 24-h recall methods

Table 6

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) Mean ± SD

3) NS: Not Significant, ***: P < 0.001

Table 7

Correlation coefficients between nutrients estimated by FFQ11) and 24-h recall methods

Table 7

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001

Table 8

Quartile distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ11) and 24h-recall methods according to folate intake

Table 8

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 9

Percent of subjects classified into the lowest/highest and upto adjacent quartiles of folate intake

Table 9

Table 10

Distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1 and 24h-recall methods according to folate intake converted to NAR

Table 10

1) N (%)

NAR: Nutrient Adequacy Ratio