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Status of Dietary Life Related Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Food Preference and Dietary Behavior of Preschoolers in Kyunggi Area


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Status of Dietary Life Related Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Food Preference and Dietary Behavior of Preschoolers in Kyunggi Area

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2016;21(3):274-283
Publication date (electronic) : 2016 June 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.3.274
A Reum Lee, Ye Lee Yu, Hye Jin Kim, Kyung A Kim, Kyung Won Kimorcid_icon
Food and Nutrition, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
Corresponding author: Kyung Won Kim. Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Korea. Tel: (02) 970-5647, Fax: (02) 976-4049, kwkim@swu.ac.kr
Received 2016 April 30; Revised 2016 June 19; Accepted 2016 June 23.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to examine dietary life characteristics such as knowledge, self-efficacy and dietary behavior of preschoolers in Namyangju, Kyunggi-province, Korea.

Methods

The survey questionnaire was developed based on literature review. Preschoolers aged 4-5 years (n=208) responded to the questionnaire to measure knowledge, self-efficacy, food preference, and dietary behavior. After excluding incomplete responses, the data of 197 subjects were used for analysis.

Results

Mean score of dietary life knowledge was 8.0 out of 12, showing a low level of knowledge. Two out of 12 knowledge items were significantly different by gender. Percentage of correct answer on items of 'foods to make bones strong' and 'kinds of fast foods' was higher in girls than in boys (p<0.05). Total score of self-efficacy regarding dietary life was 40.1 (possible score: 12~48), on average. Compared to girls, boys had more confidence in 'not over-eating', and 'eating balanced meals with meat, fish and vegetables' (p<0.05). Boys scored higher on total score of food preference than girls (p<0.01). The preference for fruits was quite high. Among food items, boys scored higher on the preference for rice (p<0.01), fish (p<0.01), pork (p<0.05), beef (p<0.05), milk (p<0.01), and ice cream (p<0.05) than girls. Boys also liked fast foods more than girls did, showing preference for chicken (p<0.01) and soda (p<0.05). Compared to girls, boys showed more desirable behavior in 'eating breakfast everyday' (p<0.01). Dietary behavior was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.52, p<0.01), food preference (r=0.35, p<0.01), and knowledge (r=0.25, p<0.01) of subjects.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed differences in food preference by gender. Dietary behavior of preschoolers was correlated with several factors, including dietary life related knowledge, self-efficacy and food preference. Thus, it is needed to develop nutrition education programs focusing on increasing dietary life related knowledge and self-efficacy, and consider the differences in food preference of preschoolers by gender.

Keywords: dietary behavior; knowledge; self-efficacy; food preference; preschooler

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant from Namyangju City Government (2015).

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funded by : Namyangju City Government

Table 1

General characteristics of the study subjects

Table 1

1) n (%)

Table 2

Knowledge regarding dietary life of subjects

Table 2

1) n (%) of correct answer. 2) χ2 value 3) Sum of 12 items. Possible score: 0~12. 4) Mean±SD 5) t value

*: p < 0.05

Table 3

Self-efficacy regarding dietary life of subjects

Table 3

1) Each item was measured by 4-point scales ranging from 1 (very difficult) to 4 (very easy).

2) Mean±SD 3) Total score of 12 self-efficacy items. Possible score: 12~48.

*: p < 0.05

Table 4

Food preference of the study subjects

Table 4

1) Each item was measured by 4-point scales ranging from 1 (dislike very much) to 4 (like very much).

2) Mean±SD 3) Total score of 30 food preference items. Possible score: 30~120.

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01

Table 5

Dietary behavior of the study subjects

Table 5

1) Each item was measured by 4-point scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree).

2) Mean±SD 3) Total score of 15 dietary behavior items. Possible score: 15~60. To calculate the total score, the items 8~12 were scored reversely.

**: p < 0.01

Table 6

Correlation among dietary life related knowledge, self-efficacy, food preference and dietary behavior of the study subjects

Table 6

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01