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Systematic Review on the Study of the Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in Korea: Dietary Risk Factors


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Systematic Review on the Study of the Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in Korea: Dietary Risk Factors

Article information

Korean J Community Nutr. 2017;22(3):191-206
Publication date (electronic) : 2017 June 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.191
Eun Jeong Heo1, Jae Eun Shim1,2,3orcid_icon, Eun Young Yoon1,3
1Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
2Nutrition Counseling Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
3Daejeon Dong-gu Center for Children's Food Service Management, Daejeon, Korea.
Corresponding author: Jae Eun Shim. Department of Food and Nutrition, Daejeon University, 62 Daejeon 300-716, Korea. Tel: (042) 280-2469, Fax: (042) 280-2468, jshim@dju.kr
Received 2017 May 13; Revised 2017 June 24; Accepted 2017 June 24.

Abstract

Objectives

The present study systematically reviewed previous studies published in Korea regarding obesity status of children and adolescents in order to provide valid directions for future research and to help establish evidence-based prevention strategies.

Methods

The articles were selected by searching the primary keyword ‘obesity’ and the secondary keywords ‘children’, ‘young children’, ‘adolescents’ or ‘kids’ on the KISS (Korean Studies Information Service System). Out of 503 articles excluding the overlap, 308 articles were selected with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Secular trends of obesity research, distribution of subjects, potential risk factors for obesity, and intervention method for obesity management were documented. The associations between obesity and dietary factors were summarized.

Results

The overall number of research studies has increased since 2000 but obesity management studies have decreased in recent years. Most of the studies used a cross-sectional design. Research on preschool children were extremely limited. Intervention studies targeting males were prevalent. The most significant variables relevant to dietary habits were speed of eating, regular breakfast and snacking. The most significant food and nutrient intake factors were thiamin and iron. Intakes of cereals and animal foods were significantly higher in obese children than the counterparts.

Conclusions

The present review of locally published articles on the obesity status in children and adolescents suggested the need for well-designed further studies focused on risk factors of obesity and on a range of intervention methods conducive to the development of obesity prevention and management programs.

Keywords: systematic review; childhood; adolescence; obesity

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2013M3C8A2A01078464, NRF-2016R1D1A1B03931820). This research includes a part of the dissertation submitted by Heo to request for her Master degree in food and nutrition.

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Article information Continued

Copyright © 2017 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funded by : National Research Foundation of Koreahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725
Award ID : NRF-2013M3C8A2A01078464
Award ID : NRF-2016R1D1A1B03931820

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Flow chart of study selection

Table 1

Study variables and distribution of study design for the individual risk factors of obesity (n=138)

Table 1

1) N (%)

Table 2

Contents of intervention methods in obesity management studies (n=170)

Table 2

1) N (%)

Table 3

Study variables for the potential dietary risk factors

Table 3

1) N (%)

Table 4

Characteristics of associational studies on eating habits as risk factors for obesity and the main results

Table 4

1) PIBW, percent of ideal body weight; BMI, body mass index; WHP, weight/height index expressed as the percentage of the median of the growth chart, 2) Obesity rate: (actual weight-standard weight)*100/standard weight; standard weight: 50th percentiles of weight for age in 2007 children and adolescent standard growth chart, 3) BMI in 1998 growth chart, 4) 1999 growth chart, 5) 50th percentiles of weight for height in 1998 growth chart, 6) 50th percentiles of weight for height in 1985 growth chart, 7) The most proper responses were scored 2 and the least one 0, 8) 5-grade fat mass for age 1998 standard, 9) 5-point Likert scale (5 for ‘strongly agree’ to 1 for ‘strongly disagree), 10) 5-year follow up from 1st grade to 5th grade in elementary school, 11) Depending on the anthropometry assessment, overweight and obese children was classified to obese group

Table 5

Characteristics of associational studies on eating environments as risk factors for obesity and the main results

Table 5

1) PIBW, percentage of ideal body weight

2) 5-point Likert scale (5 for ‘strongly agree’ to 1 for ‘strongly disagree’)

3) 50th percentiles of weight for height in 1985 growth chart

Table 6

Characteristics of associational studies on food and nutrient intakes as risk factors for obesity and the main results

Table 6

1) PlBW, percent of ideal body weight; BMI, body mass index; NAR, nutrient adequacy ratio; WHP, weight/height index expressed as the percentage of the median of the growth chart; Obesity rate, actual weight/standard weight, 2) 50th percentiles of weight for age in 2007 children and adolescent standard growth chart, 3) Depending on the anthropometry assessment, overweight and obese children was classified to obese group, underweight and normal to normal group, 4) Standard weight: 50th percentiles of weight for height in 1985 growth chart, 5) 1999 growth chart, 6) 1998 growth chart, 7) 15-grade fat mass for age 1998 standard, 8) Depending on the anthropometry assessment, overweight and obese children was classified to obese group