Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
A Study on Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of the Long-Lived Elderly People by Food Habit Index in Ganghwa-gun Area: Myung Wha Kim, Hye Kyoung Han, Sung Sook Choi, Sung Dong Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2005;10(6):892-904. Published online December 31, 2005

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to assess the food habit index of the long-lived elderly who were aged over 85 years living in Ganghwa-gun. A survey was conducted during December 2003. Dietary nutrient intake data was obtained through the 24-hr recall method. The subjects were 96 (32 males, 64 females) aged people and divided into three groups based on food habit index scores. Such as group A: good 16~20, group B: fair 11~15, and group C: poor 5~10. The three groups of the subjects were 90.7 years of age and 21.3 kg/m2 of BMI on average. Healthy eating index scores of the subjects were 9.4% in group A, 54.2% in group B and 36.5% in group C. Their level of education were lower and their levels of living standards tended to have been middle and lower of the middle class. The percentage of living together with their families or spouses in all groups were over 60.0% and the rates of the subjects who have responsibility for their meal preparations were also very high in all groups. Most subjects tended not to drirk nor smoke, and spend 8~10 hours for their sleep. The percent of number of diseases in group A was lower than in groups B and C. Their dietary habits such as taking three meals a day regularly have shown that they have good eating habit in general. There was a positive correlation between the eating behaviors and nutrient intakes. The protein, animal protein, fat, PUFA, vitamin E, vitamin B2, niacin, P and K intaks in group A were significantly higher than that of the groups B and C. For group A of good food habits aged had no sufficient intake of Ca and vitamin A than the Korean RDA and long-lived elderly of group C in Ganghwa areas had worse nutrients intakes, especially Ca, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and vitamin E. According to this research having a good eating habits could be considered as increasing of the health and nutritional status.

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[English]
Food Habits and Health Food Consumption Patterns of Adults in the Ulsan Area: Soo Yoen You, Hye Kyung Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(6):889-900. Published online December 31, 2003

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to obtain information regarding eating habits, including health related behavior and health food consumption patterns. The subjects of this study were 149 men and 152 women residing in the Ulsan area. We obtained results by means of a questionnaire and an interview, and these were analyzed using the SPSS package program. The results of this study are summarized as follows : The average age of the men was 47.6 +/- 7.3 years and of the women was 47.3 +/- 7.6 years old. The average height and weight of the men were 169.4 +/- 5.5 cm and 67.7 +/- 8.2 kg, respectively. Those of the women were 157.6 +/- 5.0 cm and 58.2 +/- 7.5 kg, respectively. The BMI values of all the subjects ranged from 20.0 to 25.0, all within the normal levels. In the case of dietary patterns, 24.3% of the total population always skipped a meal. In particular, 15.9% of the total population skipped breakfast. No time to eat, no appetite, having no taste, and having poor health were themain reasons for skipping meals. With regard tohealth care, there was a significant difference between the men and the women with respect to smoking and drinking (p < 0.001). Of the total population, 40.5% hardly exercised (less than once a week), 26.2% exercised occasionally, 13.6% frequently exercised, and 19.6% exercised almost every day. A total of 60.7% responded that they were not interested in their health. The mean eating habit score of the subjects was 65.6 +/- 9.9. The women had a higher eating habit score than the men (64.0 +/- 9.6 for the men and 67.2 +/- 9.9 for the women). Except for one group above 60 years, the older group had a higher eating habit score than the younger one. The group having a higher income and a more specialized career had a higher eating habit score than the one having a lower income and a less specialized career. There was also a marital difference. The group of single subjects showed a lower eating habit score than the married group. The group having a higher eating habit score drank, smoked and went out for meals less, and exercised more than the group having lower scores. They also were more concerned about their health. In the older group, there were more diabetic and hypertensive individuals. The subjects who had a higher BMI index were more likely to be patients with hypertension, especially in the men's group. Those who had a higher BMI index and hypertension simultaneously took a variety of medicines and foods for promoting health. Those who worried a lot about their health and had health problems tended to take special foods for their health. Patients usually took tonics. Special foods for health included Chinese medicines, tonic foods, vitamin or mineral supplements and manufactured health food supplements. Preferences for them depended on the sex and age of the subject. In the case of tonic foods, the men liked them more than the women. Foods other than tonic foods were favorites with the women. This study may provide basic information on the eating habits and health related behaviors of middle-aged people. However, further studies are needed to improve the eating habits and to change the nutritional attitudes, so that people can make better choices of health foods.

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[English]
Health and Nutritional Status of Industrial Workers: Hyun Mee Oh, Jin Sook Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 2000;5(1):13-22. Published online March 31, 2000

Abstract PDF: The study was curried out to collect information to establish a framework for nutrition education for the prevention of chronic degenerative disease. We analyzed differences in diet quality, food habits and health status of workers by work condition. Anthrometric parameters of height, weight and body fat were measured and biochemical parameters including glucose, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT and hemoglobin were determinded for 194 subjects. To assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of workers, dietary intake was measured by the day 24-hour recall method, Average daily nutrient intake, except for phos-phorous and vitamin C was lower than Korean RDA. The obesity related behavior score was significantly better in laborers than in office workers, while chronic degenerative diseases related to food habit score was significantly better in laborers than in office workers, while chronic degenerative diseases related to the food habit score was beet in offices workers than in laborers. Blood pressure, blood glucose levels were significantly higher in laborer than in office workers. Dietary variety score (DVS) food composition group score(FCGS), mean adequacy ratio(MAR) of office worker were better than those of labor workers. When diet quality was evaluated by FCGS(food composition group score) 16.0% of the subjects acquired 5 points and 14.4% of the subjects acquired 2 points. MAR and INQ showed a significantly positive correlation with DVS and FCGS . This results indicated that the onset possibility of hypertension and diabetes mellitus among chronic degenerative disease was higher in laborers than in office workers, while the onset possibility of obesity was higher in office workers than in laborers. In conclusion the overall diet quality of office workers is betters than that of laborers, therefore, nutrition education for prevention of chronic degenerative disease of industrial workers needs to be more focused on the improvement of the health status of laborers.

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[English]
Nutritional Status and Food Preference of School Children in Ulsan: Hye Kyung Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 1999;4(3):345-355. Published online September 30, 1999

Abstract PDF: This study was intended to provide basic information for nutrition education and meal planning by evaluating the nutritional status, food habits, and food preference of elementary school children with school lunch program and without school lunch program(lunch box). The subjects of this study consisted of 266 elementary school children aged from 10 to 12(136 male, 130 female) in Ulsan the area. The survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS program. The average body weight was 38.4+/-6.9 kg for boys and 36.8+/-7.4 kg for girls and the average heights was 141.3+/-5.6cm for boys and 141.2+/-5.7cm for girls. These values were lower than that of the Korean reference. 56.0% of the subjects skip breakfast 1 to 2 times a week, 58.2% of the subjects had prejudice for special food, such as bean, anchovy, and pork. The food habit scores of the subjects was divided into poor(11.7%), fair(63.5%), and good(24.8%). The average score of girl's was significantly(p<150) higher than that of the boy's. Compare to 1/3 of RDA for children, the average intake of nutrients provided lower amounts of all nutrients. Therefore Calcium and vitamin A intakes were especially lower than the others. Therefore the importance of milk and green vegetables must be emphsized to them through nutrition education. Children preferred ssalbab to jabkogbab and liked beef-based soup, and baechu kimchi. There were significant differences in food habit scores with gender, parent's education, and exercise. The results of this study indicate that nutrition education and menu planning program should be applied to elementary school children who are served by the school lunch program.

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