Eun Kyung Kim; Sun Hee Lee; Su Young Ko; Seo Eun Yeon; Jeong Sook Choe

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.751

Articles

Page Path: HOME > Korean J Community Nutr > Volume 16(6); 2011 > Article

Original Article
Assessment of Physical Activity Level of Korean Farmers to Establish Estimated Energy Requirements during Busy Farming Season: Eun Kyung Kim, Sun Hee Lee, Su Young Ko, Seo Eun Yeon, Jeong Sook Choe; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2011;16(6):751-761.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.751
Published online: December 31, 2011

Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, Korea.

¹⁾National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.

Corresponding author: Eun Kyung Kim, Department of Food & Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Kangnungdaehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-702, Korea. Tel: (033) 640-2336, Fax: (033) 640-2330, ekkim@gwnu.ac.kr

• Received: November 9, 2011 • Revised: November 22, 2011 • Accepted: November 28, 2011

130 Views
0 Download
10 Crossref

prev next

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity level of Korean farmers to establish their estimated energy requirements during busy farming season. 113 farmers (mean age 51.9 ± 7.2 years, male 42, female 71) who own farmland area above 300 pyung participated in measurement of body weight and height and interviewing of one-day activity diaries. There was no significant difference in age, BMI between male and female. Obesity prevalence according to BMI among male and female farmers was 40.5% and 50.7% respectively. The farmers spent about 7 hours in sleeping and spent about 4 hours 35 minutes working on the farm and spent about 15 hours 30 minutes (64.6% of 24 hours) in "very light activities" and spent about 3 hours 31 minutes (14.7%) in "light activities". Physical activity level (PAL, activity coefficient) of male farmers was 2.63 which was significantly higher than that (2.19) of female farmers (p < 0.05). Estimated energy requirements (EER) for farmers who were different in age and gender were suggested. For example, the estimated energy requirements for male and female farmers were 3058 kcal/day and 2279 kcal/day, respectively. The results of this study suggest that estimated energy requirements (EER) of farmers should be differentiated according to seasonal workload and energy balance of farmers should be evaluated to prevent obesity.
Keywords: physical activity level; farmer; energy expenditure; estimated energy requirement

NOTES

This research was supported by grants from rural development administration of Korea (RDA: 20110701-037-506-001-03-00)

REFERENCES

1. Black AE, Coward WA, Cole TJ, Prentice AM. Human energy expenditure in affluent societies: an analysis of 574 doubly-labeled water measurements. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1996; 50: 72-92.PubMed
2. Bleiberg FM, Brun TA, Goihman S. Duration of activities and energy expenditure of female farmers in dry and rainy seasons in Upper Volta. Br J Nutr. 1980; 43: 71-82.Article PubMed
3. Choi HJ, Song JM, Kim EK. Assessment of daily steps, activity coeffcient, body composition, resting energy expenditure and daily energy expenditure in female university students. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2005; 11(2): 159-169.
4. Choi HS, Moon HK, Kim HY, Choi JS. Evaluation of the health status dietary intakes of the elderly in rural areas by dental status. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2010; 16(1): 22-38.
5. Choi JH, Hwang KS. The adaptability of Korean farmers to environment by the seasonal fluctuation of energy expenditure, cold and heat tolerance. Korean J Community Living Sci. 2006; 17(2): 49-60.
6. Choi JW, Chung ST, Seol H. Study on farm work environment load in Korea. Korean J Community Living Sci. 1998; 9(2): 43-50.
7. Choi JW, Oak SA, Kyoung SH. Study on farm work environment and physical load Korea. Korean J Community Living Sci. 1999; 10(2): 85-100.
8. Choi YE, Lee SL, Cho EH, Ria-Ann L, Kwak EH, Kim YH, Kwun IS. Comparison of nutrient intakes of Korean elder people living in rural area between 24-hour recall and food frequency method. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2006; 35(6): 698-707.
9. Frankenfield DC, Eric RM, William AR. The Harris-Benedict studies of human basal metabolism: History and limitations. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998; 98: 439-445.PubMed
10. Du Bois D, Du Bois EF. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Int Med. 1916; 17: 863-871.
11. Dunn AL, Andersen RE, Jakicic JM. Lifestyle physical activity interventions: history, shor-term and long-term effects, and recommendations. Am J Prev Med. 1998; 15: 398-412.PubMed
12. Durnin JVGA, Drummond S, Satynarayana K. A collaborative EEC study on seasonality and marginal nutrition: The Glasgow Hyderabad (S. India) Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1990; 44: 19-29.PubMed
13. FAO/WHO/UNU. Energy and protein requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series No 724. 1985; Geneva: WHO.
14. Heymsfield SB, McManus C, Smith J, Stevens V, Nixon DW. Anthropometric measurement of muscle mass, revised equations for calculating bone-free arm muscle area. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36: 680-690.PubMed
15. Jung HS, Kim JK, Cho HC. A pilot study on examination for difference in physical characteristics, lifestyle factors and physical fitness between urban and rural old adults. Korean J Sports Sci. 2010; 19(1): 837-849.
16. Finan K, Enette L, Michael IG. Cross-validation of prediction equations for resting energy expenditure in young, healthy children. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997; 97: 140-145.PubMed
17. Kim DJ. Studies of basal metabolism and energy expenditure of Korean in daily life. Korean J Nutr. 1971; 4: 49-62.
18. Kim EK, Kim EK, Song JM, Choi HJ, Lee KH. Assessment of activity coefficient, resting energy expenditure and daily energy expenditure in elementary school children. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2006; 12(1): 44-54.
19. Kim EK, Kim GS, Park JS. Comparison of activity factor, predicted resting metabolic rate, and intakes of energy and nutrients between athletic and non-athletic high school students. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2009; 15(1): 52-68.
20. Kim HA, Kim HD, Nam KS. A study of serum lipids and the obesity of housewives in Mooan, Chonnam. Korean J Community Nutr. 1997; 2(3): 319-326.
21. Kim HK, Chung CJ. The mathematical modelling of the field performance machines. J Biosyst Eng. 1996; 21(3): 357-371.
22. Kim HN, Jun SG, Jung HR, Lee DS. The energy expenditure of female farmer. survey improvement nutrition of farming. 1986; Seoul: Rural Development Administration; 133-151.
23. Kim HN, Lee DT, Rhie SG. The energy expenditure of female farmers in Kyunggki area. J Korean Soc Food Nutr. 1989; 18(2): 189-194.
24. Kim HY, Kim GH, Kim HR, Kim YS. Menu development and application for rural eldery of Gangwon and Chungnam area at agricultural off-season. Korean J Community Living Sci. 2009; 20(3): 423-435.
25. Kim JH, Kim EK. Assessment of physical activity, activity coefficient of preschool children and actual condition of daycare center outdoor play. Korean J Community Nutr. 2009; 14(6): 777-788.
26. Kim KR, Lee KS, Kim HC, Ko ES, Song EY. Health condition and musculoskeletal disorder(MSDs) in fruit-growers. Korean J Community Living Sci. 2009; 20(1): 5-17.
27. Kim YN, Na HJ. The estimation of daily energy expenditure of Korean adolescents. Korean J Community Nutr. 2003; 8(3): 270-279.
28. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. 2000.
29. Lee DH, Park WK. Retrospection on agricultural mechanization researches. J Biosyst Eng. 1999; 24(5): 453-462.
30. Lee HM, Kim EK. Assessment of daily steps, physical activity and activity coefficient of the elementary school children in rural area. Korean J Community Nutr. 2007; 12(3): 361-371.
31. Lee JS, Lee GH, Kim EK. Assessment of daily steps, activity coefficient and daily energy expenditures of dieticians in Youngdong-area. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2006; 12(3): 277-288.
32. Lee MS, Woo MK. A study on the factors influencing food consumption by food frequency questionnaire for the middle aged and elderly living Chonju area. Korean J Community Nutr. 2001; 6(5): 789-797.
33. Lee SH, Park JS, Kim EK. Assessment of daily steps, physical activities and activity coefficient of policemen who do shift-work. Korean J Nutr. 2007; 40(6): 576-583.
34. Lee SG, Jun SG, Gwan GH. Expenditure energy of farm work model. survey improvement nutrition of farming. 1986; Seoul: Rural Development Administration; 255-291.
35. Lee SG, Kim HN. The Comparison of Energy Expenditure and Fatigue Degree by Use of Working Table. Korea J Rural Living Sci. 1991; 2: 43-49.
36. Lee SG, Kim HN, Lee DT. A study on Energy Consumption and Fatigue Reduction in Floral Work. Korea J Rural Living Sci. 1992; 3: 45-52.
37. Lim WJ, Yoon JS. A longitudinal study on seasonal variation of physicl activity and body composition of rural women. Korean J Nutr. 1995; 28(9): 893-903.
38. Lim WJ, Yoon JS. A study on health status, meal management, and seasonal variation of nutrient intake of rural women. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 1997; 26(6): 1215-1220.
39. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The fifth Japanese dietary allowance. 1985.
40. Owen OE. Resting metabolic requirements of men and women. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 63. 1988; 503-510.
41. Park JA, Kim KJ, Yoon JK. A comparison of energy intake and energy ex penditure in normal-weight and over-weight Korean adults. Korean J Community Nutr. 2004; 9(3): 285-291.
42. Park MY, Chun BY, Joo SJ, Jeong GB, Huh CH, Kim GR, Park PS. A comparison of food nutrient intake status of aged females in a rural long life community by the stage model of dietary behavior change. Korean J Community Nutr. 2008; 13(1): 34-45.
43. Park MY, Yoon HS. Nutrition status of rural elderly living in Kyungnam. Korean J Community Nutr. 2001; 6: Suppl. 527-541.
44. Rhie SG, Kim HN. The comparison of energy expenditure and fatigue degree by use of working table. Korean J Community Living Sci. 1991; 2: 43-49.
45. Rhie SG, Kim HN, Lee DT. A study on energy consumption and fatigue reduction in floral work. Korean J Community Living Sci. 1992; 2: 45-52.
46. Ryu AY. Study on the needs of the aged in the farm area for the integrated service of health care and welfare: Focused on Chilgok-gun in Kyungbuk province. 2007; Keimyung University; MS Thesis.
47. Schultink WJ, Klaver W, VanWijk H, Van Raaij JMA, Hautvast JGAJ. Body weight changes and basal metabolic rates of rural beninese women during seasons with different energy intakes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1990; 44: 31-40.
48. Firouzbakhsh S, Richard KM, Wendy LD, Ronald SO, Paula KG, Kenneth EG, Jerry ZF. Measured resting energy expenditure in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1993; 16: 136-142.
49. Statistics Korea. 2009 Socio-Statistical Survey. 2009.
50. Statistics Korea. Time use survey. 2009.
51. Stifelman M. Using doubly-labeled water measurements of human energy expenditure to estimate inhalation rates. Sci Total Environ. 2007; 373: 585-590.
52. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. 2010; Seoul: Korean Nutrition Society.
53. Yoon GA. Relationship of weight status and physical activity of adolescents in Busan city. Korean J Nutr. 2001; 34(1): 39-47.
54. Yoon JS, Kim KJ, Kim JH, Park YS, Koo JO. A study to determine the recommended dietary allowance of energy and to develop practical dietary education program for Korean adults. 2002; Keimyung University, Ministry of Health and Welfare.

Table 1

Distribution of subjects by gender and age group

Not significantly different in mean age between male and female

Table 2

Anthropometric measurements of subjects by gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significant different between male and female at ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 3

Prevalence of obesity among subjects according to body mass index (BMI)

1) N (%), Not significantly different in distribution between male and female

Table 4

Activity examples, expending time and physical activity level by 18 activity levels

Table 5

Comparison of spending time of subjects by 4 activity levels

1) Mean ± SD

2) N (%)

3) Classification of 18 activities levels to 4 activity levels

4) Significant difference between male and female at ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 6

Comparison of physical activity level(PAL) by age groups

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significant difference between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01 by t-test

Table 7

Comparison of physical activity level by farming type

1) Significant different between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 8

Estimated energy requirements(EER) of subjects by gender and age group

1) Mean ± SD, 2) kcal/day

3) Significant different between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

4) abc: Means with same superscripts are not significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple comparison test

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Gangwon Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study: Methods and Initial Baseline Data
Yoon Jeong Cho, Sohyun Park, Sung Soo Kim, Hyo Jin Park, Jang Won Son, Tae Kyung Lee, Sangmo Hong, Jee-Hyun Kang, Seon Mee Kim, Yang-Hyun Kim, Won Jun Kim, Young Eun Seo, Yoosuk An, Sang Youl Rhee, Suk Chon, Sookyoung Jeon, Kyungho Park, Bong-Soo Kim, Cha
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2022; 31(4): 303. CrossRef
Development of physical activity classification table for Koreans: using the Compendium of physical activities in the United States
Eun-Kyung Kim, Ha-Yeon Jun, Ji-Yeon Gwak, Justice Otoo Fenyi
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(2): 129. CrossRef
Establishment and future tasks of estimated energy requirement in 2020 dietary reference intakes for Koreans
Eun-Kyung Kim, Oh Yoen Kim, Jonghoon Park, EunMi Kim, Juhyeon Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(6): 573. CrossRef
Amounts of physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in older adults: using an accelerometer and a physical activity diary
Na-Young Go, Didace Ndahimana, Eun-Kyung Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(1): 36. CrossRef
Comparison of Physical Activity Level, Physical Activity Pattern and Energy Expenditure in Male and Female Elementary School Soccer Players using Accelerometer and Physical Activity Diary
Hae-Sun An, Su-Ji Choi, Mo-Ran Lee, Jung-Sook Lee, Eun-Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(6): 529. CrossRef
A Study on the Body Composition, Physical Activity Level, Basal Metabolic Rate, and Daily Energy Expenditure of Elderly in Busan
Hwa-Jae Lim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(2): 178. CrossRef
Comparison of total energy expenditure between the farming season and off farming season and accuracy assessment of estimated energy requirement prediction equation of Korean farmers
Eun-Kyung Kim, Seo-Eun Yeon, Sun-Hee Lee, Jeong-Sook Choe
Nutrition Research and Practice.2015; 9(1): 71. CrossRef
The Measurements of the Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) and the Accuracy of RMR Predictive Equations for Korean Farmers
Hee-Ryoung Son, Seo-Eun Yeon, Jung-Sook Choi, Eun-Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(6): 568. CrossRef
Assessment of Physical Activity Pattern, Activity Coefficient, Basal Metabolic Rate and Daily Energy Expenditure in Female University Students
Yoonji Park, Jung Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(1): 45. CrossRef
Assessment of Energy Intake and Physical Activity Level for Korean Farmers to Establish Estimated Energy Requirements during the Off-Season for Farmers
Sun-Hee Lee, Seo-Eun Yeon, Hee-Ryoung Son, Jung Sook Choi, Eun Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(5): 652. CrossRef

PubReader

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Assessment of Physical Activity Level of Korean Farmers to Establish Estimated Energy Requirements during Busy Farming Season

Korean J Community Nutr. 2011;16(6):751-761. Published online December 31, 2011

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.751

XML Download

We recommend

Assessment of Physical Activity Level of Korean Farmers to Establish Estimated Energy Requirements during Busy Farming Season

Table 1

Distribution of subjects by gender and age group

Not significantly different in mean age between male and female

Table 2

Anthropometric measurements of subjects by gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significant different between male and female at ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 3

Prevalence of obesity among subjects according to body mass index (BMI)

1) N (%), Not significantly different in distribution between male and female

Table 4

Activity examples, expending time and physical activity level by 18 activity levels

Table 5

Comparison of spending time of subjects by 4 activity levels

1) Mean ± SD

2) N (%)

3) Classification of 18 activities levels to 4 activity levels

4) Significant difference between male and female at ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 6

Comparison of physical activity level(PAL) by age groups

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significant difference between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01 by t-test

Table 7

Comparison of physical activity level by farming type

1) Significant different between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 8

Estimated energy requirements(EER) of subjects by gender and age group

1) Mean ± SD, 2) kcal/day

3) Significant different between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

4) abc: Means with same superscripts are not significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple comparison test

Table 1 Distribution of subjects by gender and age group

Not significantly different in mean age between male and female

Table 2 Anthropometric measurements of subjects by gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significant different between male and female at ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 3 Prevalence of obesity among subjects according to body mass index (BMI)

1) N (%), Not significantly different in distribution between male and female

Table 4 Activity examples, expending time and physical activity level by 18 activity levels

Table 5 Comparison of spending time of subjects by 4 activity levels

1) Mean ± SD

2) N (%)

3) Classification of 18 activities levels to 4 activity levels

4) Significant difference between male and female at ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 6 Comparison of physical activity level(PAL) by age groups

1) Mean ± SD

2) Significant difference between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01 by t-test

Table 7 Comparison of physical activity level by farming type

1) Significant different between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 8 Estimated energy requirements(EER) of subjects by gender and age group

1) Mean ± SD, 2) kcal/day

3) Significant different between male and female at ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by t-test

4) abc: Means with same superscripts are not significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple comparison test