Bo Ram Han; Hyun Sook Bae

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.156

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Original Article
Development and Evaluation of the Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Folate Intake in Women of Child-bearing Age: Bo Ram Han, Hyun Sook Bae; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2012;17(2):156-166.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.156
Published online: April 30, 2012

Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

¹Graduate School of Cultural Industry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hyun Sook Bae, Graduate School of Cultural Industry, Sungshin Women's University, 147 Mia-dong, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 142-732, Korea. Tel: (02) 920-7558, Fax: (02) 920-2076, hsbae@sungshin.ac.kr

• Received: January 4, 2012 • Revised: March 14, 2012 • Accepted: March 28, 2012

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the simple semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing folate intake in women of reproductive age. We developed a 30-item FFQ, and tested the reliability and validity in 97 women aged between 20 and 39 yrs using the FFQs and 24-h recalls, which were carried out twice, respectively. Assessing the reliability, the correlation coefficients were 0.53 (Spearman's) and 0.49 (Pearson's) for folate. There was no significant difference of folate intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2. 36.1% subjects were classified into the same quartile and 83.5% into the same or adjacent quartile divided by folate intake. On determining the validity, the mean folate intake obtained from the FFQ (FFQ1) and 24h-recalls (2-d) were 306.6 ± 167.2 µg/d and 326.9 ± 103.3 µg/d, respectively. There was no significant difference between folate intakes from the two methods. The correlation coefficients for folate were 0.24 (Spearman's) and 0.26 (Pearson's). 39.2% of the subjects were categorized into the same quartile and 70.1% were into the same or adjacent quartile. In addition, sensitivity (64.3%) and specificity (62.3%) were estimated to evaluate the adequacy of folate intake. These results suggest that this FFQ would be a useful and a valuable instrument to assess the intake of folate among the Korean women of child-bearing age.
Keywords: folate; FFQ; reliability; validity; child-bearing women

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Table 1

Food items, reference amount and frequency of folate FFQ¹⁾ used in this study

1) FFQ: Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) Subjects chose one among these 9 frequencies at each food item, respectively

Table 2

Comparison of daily nutrient intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2¹⁾

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) NS (Not Significant), ^*: p < 0.05

3) Mean ± SD

Table 3

Correlation coefficients between nutrients estimated by FFQ1 and FFQ2¹⁾

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 4

Quartile distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1 and FFQ2 according to folate intake

FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 5

Percent of subjects classified into the same and upto adjacent quartiles of folate intake

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 6

Comparison of daily nutrient intake between FFQ1¹⁾ and 24-h recall methods

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) Mean ± SD

3) NS: Not Significant, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 7

Correlation coefficients between nutrients estimated by FFQ1¹⁾ and 24-h recall methods

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 8

Quartile distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1¹⁾ and 24h-recall methods according to folate intake

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 9

Percent of subjects classified into the lowest/highest and upto adjacent quartiles of folate intake

Table 10

Distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1 and 24h-recall methods according to folate intake converted to NAR

1) N (%)

NAR: Nutrient Adequacy Ratio

Figure & Data

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Development and Evaluation of the Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Folate Intake in Women of Child-bearing Age

Korean J Community Nutr. 2012;17(2):156-166. Published online April 30, 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.156

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Development and Evaluation of the Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Folate Intake in Women of Child-bearing Age

Table 1

Food items, reference amount and frequency of folate FFQ¹⁾ used in this study

1) FFQ: Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) Subjects chose one among these 9 frequencies at each food item, respectively

Table 2

Comparison of daily nutrient intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2¹⁾

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) NS (Not Significant), ^*: p < 0.05

3) Mean ± SD

Table 3

Correlation coefficients between nutrients estimated by FFQ1 and FFQ2¹⁾

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 4

Quartile distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1 and FFQ2 according to folate intake

FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 5

Percent of subjects classified into the same and upto adjacent quartiles of folate intake

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 6

Comparison of daily nutrient intake between FFQ1¹⁾ and 24-h recall methods

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) Mean ± SD

3) NS: Not Significant, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 7

Correlation coefficients between nutrients estimated by FFQ1¹⁾ and 24-h recall methods

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 8

Quartile distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1¹⁾ and 24h-recall methods according to folate intake

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 9

Percent of subjects classified into the lowest/highest and upto adjacent quartiles of folate intake

Table 10

Distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1 and 24h-recall methods according to folate intake converted to NAR

1) N (%)

NAR: Nutrient Adequacy Ratio

Table 1 Food items, reference amount and frequency of folate FFQ1) used in this study

1) FFQ: Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) Subjects chose one among these 9 frequencies at each food item, respectively

Table 2 Comparison of daily nutrient intake between FFQ1 and FFQ21)

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) NS (Not Significant), ^*: p < 0.05

3) Mean ± SD

Table 3 Correlation coefficients between nutrients estimated by FFQ1 and FFQ21)

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 4 Quartile distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1 and FFQ2 according to folate intake

FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 5 Percent of subjects classified into the same and upto adjacent quartiles of folate intake

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) FFQ2: second Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 6 Comparison of daily nutrient intake between FFQ11) and 24-h recall methods

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

2) Mean ± SD

3) NS: Not Significant, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 7 Correlation coefficients between nutrients estimated by FFQ11) and 24-h recall methods

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: P < 0.001

Table 8 Quartile distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ11) and 24h-recall methods according to folate intake

1) FFQ1: first Food Frequency Questionnaire

Table 9 Percent of subjects classified into the lowest/highest and upto adjacent quartiles of folate intake

Table 10 Distribution of subjects by cross-classification of FFQ1 and 24h-recall methods according to folate intake converted to NAR