Miyong Yon; Haeng-Shin Lee; Dohee Kim; Jeeyeon Lee; Jiwoon Nam; Gui-Im Moon; Jinhwan Hong; Cho-il Kim

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.6.644

Articles

Page Path: HOME > Korean J Community Nutr > Volume 18(6); 2013 > Article

Original Article
Breast-feeding and Obesity in Early Childhood: Based on the KNHANES 2008 through 2011: Miyong Yon, Haeng-Shin Lee, Dohee Kim, Jeeyeon Lee, Jiwoon Nam, Gui-Im Moon, Jinhwan Hong, Cho-il Kim; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2013;18(6):644-651.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.6.644
Published online: December 31, 2013

Nutrition Management Service Team, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk, Korea.

¹Food Safety Risk Assessment Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Chungbuk, Korea.

²Department of Anti-ageing Industry & Policy, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Chungbuk, Korea.

Corresponding author: Cho-il Kim, Department of Anti-ageing Industry & Policy, Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongseangmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 363-700, Korea. Tel: (043) 713-8611, Fax: (043) 713-8907, kimci@khidi.or.kr

• Received: August 27, 2013 • Revised: November 11, 2013 • Accepted: December 13, 2013

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

417 Views
2 Download
11 Crossref

Full Article

Download PDF

Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

Although there has been a significant increase in breast-feeding (BF) rate in Korea, it is plateaued since 2008 and still low compared with that of other countries. Because BF has been related to lower obesity prevalence in many studies and the increase in childhood obesity became evident in Korea, we wondered if a relatively lower BF rate has anything to do with this increase. Therefore, we looked into the relationship between mode & duration of BF during infancy and weight status of toddlers using the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 through 2011. Number of 2-3 year old toddlers with complete information on BF, anthropometry and normal birth weight was 674. While 87% of them were ever-breastfed, 6.2% each of them were either obese or overweight based on the Standard Growth Chart for Korean Children. Not only the obesity prevalence was different among groups of different mode of feeding, but also the mean duration of BF was significantly longer in normal weight group (9.2 mo.) compared with obese group (5.5 mo.). Accordingly, overweight and obesity prevalence of the toddlers breast-fed for 12 months or longer was significantly lower than that of the toddlers breast-fed for less than 12 months (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.87). This study revealed that both BF and duration of BF affect the childhood obesity and, BF for 12 months or longer should be encouraged more aggressively as one of the main strategies to prevent and/or decrease childhood obesity in Korea.
Keywords: childhood obesity; toddler; breast-feeding; duration

NOTES

This research was supported by a grant (11162유해영732) from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2013.

REFERENCES

1. Aguiar H, Silva AI. [Breastfeeding: the importance of intervening]. Acta Med Port 2011; 24: Suppl 4. 889-896.PubMed
2. Arenz S, Rockerl R, Koletzko B, von Kries R. Breast-feeding and childhood obesity-a systematic review. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 1247-1256.Article PubMed PDF
3. Armstrong J, Reilly JJ. The Child Health Information Team. Breastfeeding and lowering the risk of childhood obesity. Lancet 2002; 359: 2003-2004.Article PubMed
4. Bahl R, Frost C, Kirkwood BR, Edmond K, Martines J, Bhandari N, Arthur P. Infant feeding patterns and risks of death and hospitalization in the first half of infancy: multicentre cohort study. Bull WHO 2005; 83(6): 418-425.PubMed PMC
5. Bergmann KE, Bergmann RL, Von Kries R, Böhm O, Richter R, Dudenhausen JW, Wahn U. Early determinants of childhood overweight and adiposity in a birth cohort study: role of breast-feeding. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27(2): 162-172.Article PubMed PDF
6. Bogen DL, Hanusa BH, Whitaker RC. The effect of breast-feeding with and without formula use on the risk of obesity at 4 years of age. Obes Res 2004; 12(9): 1527-1535.Article PubMed
7. Cho KL. A study on the relationship between schoolage obesity and type of feeding in infant period. Pusan National University; 2005; 9-13 Dissertation.
8. Crume T, Ogden L, Mayer-Davis E, Hamman R, Norris J, Bischoff K, McDuffie R, Dabelea D. The impact of neonatal breastfeeding on growth trajectories of youth exposed and unexposed to diabetes in utero: The EPOCH study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36: 529-534.Article PubMed PMC PDF
9. Yensel CS, Preud'homme D, Curry DM. Childhood obesity and insulin-resistant syndrome. J Pediatr Nurs 2004; 19(4): 238-246.Article PubMed
10. Deckelbaum R, Williams C. Childhood obesity. Obes Res 2001; 9: Suppl 4. 239S-240S.PubMed
11. Dietz WH. The obesity epidemic in young children: Reduce television viewing and promote playing. BMJ 2001; 322: 313-314.PubMed PMC
12. Dietz WH. Breastfeeding may help prevent childhood overweight. JAMA 2001; 285: 2506-2507.Article PubMed
13. DiSantis KI, Hodges EA, Johnson SL, Fisher JO. The role of responsive feeding in overweight during infancy and toddlerhood: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 35: 480-492.Article PubMed PMC PDF
14. Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet 2002; 360: 473-482.Article PubMed
15. Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Camargo CA Jr, Berkey CS, Frazier AL, Rockett HR, Field AE, Colditz GA. Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants. JAMA 2001; 285(19): 2461-2467.Article PubMed
16. Harder T, Bergmann R, Kallischnigg G, Plagemann A. Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162(5): 397-403.Article PubMed
17. KCDC. 2007 Korean national growth charts. 2008; cited 2013 August 31]. Available from http://www.cdc.go.kr/.
18. KCDC/MOHW. Korea health statistics 2008: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES IV-2). 2009; cited 2013 August 31]. Available from http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/.
19. KCDC/MOHW. Korea health statistics 2009: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES IV-3). 2010; cited 2013 August 31]. Available from http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/.
20. KCDC/MOHW. Korea health statistics 2010: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES V-1). 2011; cited 2013 August 31]. Available from http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/.
21. KCDC/MOHW. Korea health statistics 2011: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES V-2). 2012; cited 2013 August 31]. Available from http://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/.
22. Kim SH. The relationship between breast feeding and childhood obesity. Yonsei University; 2004; 22-23 Dissertation.
23. Krebs NF, Himes JH, Jacobson D, Nicklas TA, Guilday P, Styne D. Assessment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity. Pediatrics 2007; 120: Suppl 4. S193-S228.Article PubMed PDF
24. Lamb M, Dabelea D, Yin X, Ogden L, Klingensmith G, Rewers M, Norris J. Early-life predictors of higher body mass index in healthy children. Ann Nutr Metab 2010; 56: 16-22.Article PubMed PDF
25. Lim HJ, Park HR, Goo HK. A study on policy of obesity of children and adolescents. National Youth Policy Institute; 2009.
26. McCrory C, Layte R. Breastfeeding and risk of overweight and obesity at nine years of age. Soc Sci Med 2012; 75(2): 323-330.Article PubMed
27. Monterrosa EC, Frongillo EA, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Romero-Velarde E, Casey LM, Willows ND. Predominant breast-feeding from birth to six months is associated with fewer gastrointestinal infections and increased risk for iron deficiency among infants. J Nutr 2008; 138(8): 1499-1504.PubMed
28. Nader PR, O'Brien M, Houts R, Bradley R, Belsky J, Crosnoe R. Identifying risk for obesity in early childhood. Pediatrics 2006; 118(3): 594-601.PubMed
29. Newburg DS, Woo JG, Morrow AL. Characteristics and potential functions of human milk adiponectin. J Pediatr 2010; 156: 2 Suppl. S41-S46.PubMed PMC
30. Oddy WH. Infant feeding and obesity risk in the child. Breastfeed Rev 2012; 20(2): 7-12.
31. OECD. OECD Family database. Breastfeeding rates. 2009; cited 2013 August 31]. Available from http://www.oecd.org/els/family/43136964.pdf.
32. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. JAMA 2012; 307(5): 483-490.PubMed PMC
33. Oh K, Jang MJ, Lee NY, Moon JS, Lee CG, Yoo MH, Kim YT. Prevalence and trends in obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 1997 and 2005. Korean J Pediatr 2008; 51(9): 950-955.
34. Oh SW. Diagnostic criteria for childhood obesity. Korean J Obes 2008; 17(4): 188-190.
35. Owen CG, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Smith GD, Cook DG. Does breastfeeding influence risk of type 2 diabetes in later life? A quantitative analysis of published evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84(5): 1043-1054.PubMed
36. Owen CG, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Smith GD, Cook DG. Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the life course: quantitative review of published evidence. Pediatrics 2005; 115(5): 1367-1377.PubMed
37. Papoutsakis C, Priftis KN, Drakouli M, Prifti S, Konstantaki E. Childhood overweight/obesity and asthma: is there a link? A systematic review of recent epidemiologic evidence. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113(1): 77-105.PubMed
38. Park JY. Association of predominant breastfeeding and obesity among Korean preschool children. Yonsei University; 2011; 29-33 Dissertation.
39. Prentice AM, Jebb SA. Beyond body mass index. Obes Rev 2001; 2(3): 141-147.PubMed
40. Savino F, Liguori SA. Update on breast milk hormones: leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin. Clin Nutr 2008; 27(1): 42-47.PubMed
41. Savino F, Petrucci E, Nanni G. Adiponectin: an intriguing hormone for paediatricians. Acta Paediatr 2008; 97(6): 701-705.PubMed
42. Solomon CG, Manson JE. Obesity and mortality: a review of the epidemiologic data. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66: 4 Suppl. 1044S-1050S.PubMed
43. Spyrides MH, Struchiner CJ, Barbosa MT, Kac G. Effect of predominant breastfeeding duration on infant growth: a prospective study using nonlinear mixed effect models. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2008; 84(3): 237-243.PubMed
44. Strbák V, Skultétyová M, Hromadová M, Randusková A, Macho L. Late effects of breast-feeding and early weaning: seven-year prospective study in children. Endocr Regul 1991; 25(1-2): 53-57.PubMed
45. Strong G, Lee S. Breastfeeding to combat childhood obesity: the duration required to reduce the risk. Clin Lactation 2012; 3(4): 143-146.
46. Toschke AM, Vignerova J, Lhotska L, Osancova K, Koletzko B, Von Kries R. Overweight and obesity in 6- to 14-year-old Czech children in 1991: protective effect of breast-feeding. J Pediatr 2002; 141(6): 764-769.PubMed
47. Twells L, Newhook L. Can exclusive breastfeeding reduce the likelihood of childhood obesity in some regions of Canada? Can J Public Health 2010; 101(1): 36-39.PubMed PMC
48. von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T. Breast feeding and obesity: cross sectional study. BMJ 1999; 319: 147-150.PubMed PMC
49. von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T, von Mutius E. Does breast-feeding protect against childhood obesity? Adv Exp Med Biol 2000; 478: 29-39.PubMed
50. WBTi. World breastfeeding trends initiatives. 2012; cited 2013 August 31]. Available from http://worldbreastfeedingtrends.org/.
51. WHO. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. 2004; cited 2013 August 31]. Available from http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/obesity/en/.
52. Wieting JM. Cause and effect in childhood obesity: solutions for a national epidemic. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2008; 108(10): 545-552.PubMed
53. Yngve A, Sjostrom M. Breastfeeding in countries of the European Union and EFTA: current and proposed recommendations, rationale, prevalence, duration and trends. Public Health Nutr 2001; 4(2B): 631-645.PubMed
54. Yon MY, Lee HS, Kim DH, Lee JY, Nam JW, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Kim SY, Kim CI. Obesity pattern of early childhood according to the feeding type and breastfeeding duration in infancy - Based on the KNHANES 2008 through 2011-. Korean J Obes 2013; 22: S2. 209.
55. Young-Hyman D, Schlundt DG, Herman L, De Luca F, Counts D. Evaluation of the insulin resistance syndrome in 5- to 10-year-old overweight/obese African-American children. Diabetes Care 2001; 24(8): 1359-1364.

Fig. 1

Mean duration of breast-feeding by weight status among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011.

1) Numbers with different superscripts are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Fig. 2

Distribution of subjects by mode of feeding and duration of breast-feeding among 2-3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008-2011.

Fig. 3

Mean duration of breast-feeding by mode of feeding among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011.

Table 1

Characteristics of 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008~2011

1) Based on the individual income calculated from monthly household income in KNHANES: Household income / √ number of household members

Table 2

Birth weight comparison by mode of feeding among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011

1) Mean ± SD

Table 3

Odds ratio for independent risk factors associated with being overweight and/or obese in the final logistic regression model of 674 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011

1) Based on the individual income calculated from monthly household income in KNHANES: Household income/ √ number of household members

Table 4

Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio for some risk factors associated with being overweight and/or obesity among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011

1) Adjusted by controlling for birth weight only

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of the growth and nutritional status of low birth weight and normal birth weight children
Hye-Young Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(6): 630. CrossRef
Breastfeeding and impact on childhood hospital admissions: a nationwide birth cohort in South Korea
Jeong-Seon Lee, Jae Il Shin, Sunyeup Kim, Yong-Sung Choi, Youn Ho Shin, Jimin Hwang, Jung U Shin, Ai Koyanagi, Louis Jacob, Lee Smith, Han Eol Jeong, Yunha Noh, In-Sun Oh, Sang Youl Rhee, Chanyang Min, Seong Ho Cho, Steve Turner, Guillaume Fond, Laurent B
Nature Communications.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Infant Feeding Characteristics With Dietary Patterns and Obesity in Korean Childhood
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Moon-Kyung Shin
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2023; 56(4): 338. CrossRef
Feeding characteristics in infancy affect fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary variety in early childhood
Kyoung-Nam Kim, Moon-Kyung Shin
Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(2): 307. CrossRef
Relations among Maternal Employment, Depressive Symptoms, Breastfeeding Duration, and Body Mass Index Trajectories in Early Childhood
Jihyoung Kim
Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health.2020; 24(2): 75. CrossRef
Knowledge and health beliefs about gestational diabetes and healthy pregnancy's breastfeeding intention
Seungmi Park, Jung Lim Lee, Jang In Sun, Youngji Kim
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2018; 27(21-22): 4058. CrossRef
Exclusive breastfeeding and partial breastfeeding reduce the risk of overweight in childhood: A nationwide longitudinal study in Korea
Seon-Joo Park, Hae-Jeung Lee
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2018; 12(2): 222. CrossRef
Dietary status of young children in Korea based on the data of 2013 ~ 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Eun-kyung Kim, Byengchun Song, Se-Young Ju
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(4): 330. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Breastfeeding Duration and Preschooler Problem Behavior: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Development
Sujeong Kang, Yea-Ji Hong, Naya Choi, Kangyi Lee
Korean Journal of Child Studies.2017; 38(6): 63. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Obesity and Overweight in Korean Preschool Children: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014
Inju Hwang, Kyung-Sook Bang
Child Health Nursing Research.2016; 22(4): 237. CrossRef
Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intakes according to Feeding Method during Infant Period in Elementary School Students
Myung-Hwa Kang, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Hyun-Jin Kim, Yun-Jung Bae
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2015; 44(1): 57. CrossRef

PubReader

Cite

CITE: export Copy Download Format; Close

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

RIS — For EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and most other reference management software
BibTeX — For JabRef, BibDesk, and other BibTeX-specific software

Include:

Citation for the content below
Citation and abstract for the content below

Breast-feeding and Obesity in Early Childhood: Based on the KNHANES 2008 through 2011

Korean J Community Nutr. 2013;18(6):644-651. Published online December 31, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.6.644

XML Download

Figure

We recommend

Breast-feeding and Obesity in Early Childhood: Based on the KNHANES 2008 through 2011

Fig. 1 Mean duration of breast-feeding by weight status among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011. 1) Numbers with different superscripts are significantly different by Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05)

Fig. 2 Distribution of subjects by mode of feeding and duration of breast-feeding among 2-3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008-2011.

Fig. 3 Mean duration of breast-feeding by mode of feeding among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Breast-feeding and Obesity in Early Childhood: Based on the KNHANES 2008 through 2011

Table 1

Characteristics of 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008~2011

1) Based on the individual income calculated from monthly household income in KNHANES: Household income / √ number of household members

Table 2

Birth weight comparison by mode of feeding among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011

1) Mean ± SD

Table 3

Odds ratio for independent risk factors associated with being overweight and/or obese in the final logistic regression model of 674 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011

1) Based on the individual income calculated from monthly household income in KNHANES: Household income/ √ number of household members

Table 4

Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio for some risk factors associated with being overweight and/or obesity among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011

1) Adjusted by controlling for birth weight only

Table 1 Characteristics of 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008~2011

1) Based on the individual income calculated from monthly household income in KNHANES: Household income / √ number of household members

Table 2 Birth weight comparison by mode of feeding among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011

1) Mean ± SD

Table 3 Odds ratio for independent risk factors associated with being overweight and/or obese in the final logistic regression model of 674 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011

1) Based on the individual income calculated from monthly household income in KNHANES: Household income/ √ number of household members

Table 4 Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio for some risk factors associated with being overweight and/or obesity among 2~3 year old toddlers with normal birth-weight in KNHANES 2008~2011