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Body Image, Risk of Disturbed Eating Attitudes and Weight Control of Female Junior High School Students by the Body Mass Index in Seoul
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Research Article
Body Image, Risk of Disturbed Eating Attitudes and Weight Control of Female Junior High School Students by the Body Mass Index in Seoul
Hyun-Jung Song, Hyun-Kyung Moon
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2014;19(2):111-121.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.111
Published online: April 30, 2014

Department of Food and Nutrition, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.

Corresponding author: Hyun-Kyung Moon. Department of Food and Nutrition, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Tel: (031) 8005-3173, Fax: (031) 8029-7200, moonhk52@dankook.ac.kr
• Received: October 7, 2013   • Revised: December 10, 2013   • Accepted: March 25, 2014

Copyright © 2014 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Objectives
    In this study, perception of body image, eating attitudes and weight control were examined by the degree of obesity using Body Mass Index (BMI).
  • Methods
    Out of 420 questionnaires distributed to the female middle school students (aged 12-16 years), 407 were returned (97% response rate) and 395 were analyzed (94% analysis rate). Female students were divided into two groups based on the BMI percentile using the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. (1) normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile) (2) obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI) by 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Satisfaction of self-body shape, risk of disturbed eating attitudes (Eating Attitude Test : EAT-26), and weight control behaviors were examined.
  • Results
    Distribution of the subjects by BMI was 74.5% of normal and 25.5% of obese. There were significant differences between self-perceived current body image and self-perceived ideal body image. The dissatisfaction of body image was higher in obese than in normal groups (p < 0.001). 51.4% of female students were unsatisfied with their body image, while 2.6% were very satisfied. Among the students unsatisfied with their body image, 150 (52.1%) were of normal weight and 48 (49.4%) were obese. EAT-26 total scores were significantly higher in the obese group (16.42 ± 8.23) compared with normal group (13.72 ± 8.10) (p < 0.01). Attempted to weight control were significantly different by the BMI (p < 0.001).
  • Conclusions
    This study concludes that there was desire to become thinner than current status in female students, even those with normal BMI. Many female students were dissatisfied with their body image and attempted to lose weight. It is harmful to their health and nutritional status if they choose undesirable methods. These findings suggested that there are needs to encourage female students for maintaining healthy weight. A higher score of EAT-26 was associated with dissatisfaction of selfbody image and this may lead to unhealthy behaviors in obese female students.
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Fig. 1
Drawings for assessing body images.
kjcn-19-111-g001.jpg
Table 1
Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26)
kjcn-19-111-i001.jpg
Table 2
Age distribution of studied subjects by the obese degree of obesity
kjcn-19-111-i002.jpg

1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

2) Statistical analysis by χ2-test

3) N (%)

Table 3
The working status and perception of body image of subjects' parents by the obese degree
kjcn-19-111-i003.jpg

1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

2) Statistical analysis by χ2-test

3) N (%)

Table 4
Degree of satisfaction for the self-body shape by the degree of obesity
kjcn-19-111-i004.jpg

1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

2) 5-point Likert Scale: very satisfied: 1, slightly satisfied: 2, satisfied: 3, slightly unsatisfied: 4, very unsatisfied: 5

3) Mean ± SD

4) N (%)

***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

†††: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 5
Perception of current and ideal body shape of subjects by the degree of obesity
kjcn-19-111-i005.jpg

1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

2) N (%)

**: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

Table 6
Perception of self-body shape and difference of body shape by the degree of obesity
kjcn-19-111-i006.jpg

1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

2) Fig. 1. Drawings for assessing body images: number 1 (very thin) → number 9 (very fat)

3) Mean ± SD

4) Self perceived current figure - self perceived ideal figure

**: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test

†††: p < 0.001 by paired t-test

Table 7
Mean score of Eating Attitude Test-26 of subjects by the degree of obesity
kjcn-19-111-i007.jpg

1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

2) Mean ± SD

3) Item of EAT-26: 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25

4) Item of EAT-26: 3, 4, 9, 18, 21, 26

5) Item of EAT-26: 2, 5, 8, 13, 15, 19, 20

*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test

Table 8
Reasons and methods of weight control of subjects by the degree of obesity
kjcn-19-111-i008.jpg

1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

2) N (%)

NS: not significant

***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

Table 9
Correlation with the degree of obesity, dissatisfaction of self-body shape, EAT-26 Score of subjects
kjcn-19-111-i009.jpg

1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

2) Dissatisfaction of self body shape: (5-point Likert Scale: very satisfied: 1, slightly satisfied: 2, satisfied: 3, slightly unsatisfied: 4, very unsatisfied: 5)

3) EAT-26 Total Score: (Minimum value of EAT-26~Maximum value of EAT-26)

**: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by Pearson's correlation

Figure & Data

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    Body Image, Risk of Disturbed Eating Attitudes and Weight Control of Female Junior High School Students by the Body Mass Index in Seoul
    Image
    Fig. 1 Drawings for assessing body images.
    Body Image, Risk of Disturbed Eating Attitudes and Weight Control of Female Junior High School Students by the Body Mass Index in Seoul

    Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26)

    Age distribution of studied subjects by the obese degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Statistical analysis by χ2-test

    3) N (%)

    The working status and perception of body image of subjects' parents by the obese degree

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Statistical analysis by χ2-test

    3) N (%)

    Degree of satisfaction for the self-body shape by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) 5-point Likert Scale: very satisfied: 1, slightly satisfied: 2, satisfied: 3, slightly unsatisfied: 4, very unsatisfied: 5

    3) Mean ± SD

    4) N (%)

    ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

    †††: p < 0.001 by t-test

    Perception of current and ideal body shape of subjects by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) N (%)

    **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

    Perception of self-body shape and difference of body shape by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Fig. 1. Drawings for assessing body images: number 1 (very thin) → number 9 (very fat)

    3) Mean ± SD

    4) Self perceived current figure - self perceived ideal figure

    **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test

    †††: p < 0.001 by paired t-test

    Mean score of Eating Attitude Test-26 of subjects by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Mean ± SD

    3) Item of EAT-26: 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25

    4) Item of EAT-26: 3, 4, 9, 18, 21, 26

    5) Item of EAT-26: 2, 5, 8, 13, 15, 19, 20

    *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test

    Reasons and methods of weight control of subjects by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) N (%)

    NS: not significant

    ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

    Correlation with the degree of obesity, dissatisfaction of self-body shape, EAT-26 Score of subjects

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Dissatisfaction of self body shape: (5-point Likert Scale: very satisfied: 1, slightly satisfied: 2, satisfied: 3, slightly unsatisfied: 4, very unsatisfied: 5)

    3) EAT-26 Total Score: (Minimum value of EAT-26~Maximum value of EAT-26)

    **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by Pearson's correlation

    Table 1 Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26)

    Table 2 Age distribution of studied subjects by the obese degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Statistical analysis by χ2-test

    3) N (%)

    Table 3 The working status and perception of body image of subjects' parents by the obese degree

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Statistical analysis by χ2-test

    3) N (%)

    Table 4 Degree of satisfaction for the self-body shape by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) 5-point Likert Scale: very satisfied: 1, slightly satisfied: 2, satisfied: 3, slightly unsatisfied: 4, very unsatisfied: 5

    3) Mean ± SD

    4) N (%)

    ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

    †††: p < 0.001 by t-test

    Table 5 Perception of current and ideal body shape of subjects by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) N (%)

    **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

    Table 6 Perception of self-body shape and difference of body shape by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Fig. 1. Drawings for assessing body images: number 1 (very thin) → number 9 (very fat)

    3) Mean ± SD

    4) Self perceived current figure - self perceived ideal figure

    **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test

    †††: p < 0.001 by paired t-test

    Table 7 Mean score of Eating Attitude Test-26 of subjects by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Mean ± SD

    3) Item of EAT-26: 1, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 25

    4) Item of EAT-26: 3, 4, 9, 18, 21, 26

    5) Item of EAT-26: 2, 5, 8, 13, 15, 19, 20

    *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test

    Table 8 Reasons and methods of weight control of subjects by the degree of obesity

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) N (%)

    NS: not significant

    ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

    Table 9 Correlation with the degree of obesity, dissatisfaction of self-body shape, EAT-26 Score of subjects

    1) Normal weight (5th percentile ≤ BMI < 85th percentile), overweight/obese (85th percentile ≤ BMI)

    2) Dissatisfaction of self body shape: (5-point Likert Scale: very satisfied: 1, slightly satisfied: 2, satisfied: 3, slightly unsatisfied: 4, very unsatisfied: 5)

    3) EAT-26 Total Score: (Minimum value of EAT-26~Maximum value of EAT-26)

    **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by Pearson's correlation


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