Yang Hee Hong; Young Suk Kim; Hyun Jung Kwon; Do Seok Chang; Dong Geon Kim; Un Jae Chang

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.5.375

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Influence of the Size of the Spoon on the Eating rate, Energy Intake and the Satiety Levels of Female College Students: Yang Hee Hong, Young Suk Kim, Hyun Jung Kwon, Do Seok Chang, Dong Geon Kim, Un Jae Chang; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2015;20(5):375-382.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.5.375
Published online: October 31, 2015

¹Department of Beauty Art, Suwon Women's University, Suwon, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Ansan University, Ansan, Korea.

³Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

⁴Department of Statistics and Information, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Un Jae Chang. Department of Food and Nutrition Dongduk Women's University, 60 Hwarang-ro 13-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02748, Korea. Tel: (02) 940-4464, Fax: (02) 940-4609, uj@dongduk.ac.kr

• Received: October 12, 2015 • Revised: October 20, 2015 • Accepted: October 26, 2015

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
REFERENCES

Abstract

Objectives
This study examined the influence of different sizes of spoons (normal spoon, 8.3 cc vs small spoon, 4 cc) on eating rate, energy intake and the satiety levels of female college students.
Methods
Twenty four healthy female college students participated in this study once a week for 2 weeks. Two hundred ten grams of cooked rice and 250 g of beef shank soup with a normal spoon and same amount of rice and soup with a small size spoon were served to the same participants over two consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the eating rate, energy intake, and the satiety levels were measured.
Results
Results showed that the subjects who were using a small spoon ate less beef shank soup (149.0 kcal) (p < 0.01) and had lower total energy intake (423.3 kcal) (p < 0.05) than using a normal spoon (178.7 and 461.1 kcal, respectively). Also, the meal time (15.7 min) (p < 0.01), a serving per one spoon (8.6 g) (p < 0.001), and eating rate (27.9 g/min) (p < 0.001) of those who used a small spoon were significantly different than that of those who used a normal spoon (13.6 min, 12.5 g and 35.7 g/min, respectively). However, despite consuming less energy at lunch, the level of satiety after eating from the small spoon was not significantly different from the normal spoon immediately after, 1 hour after and 2 hour after lunch.
Conclusions
Our results revealed that students were able to control their eating rate by using a small spoon and they could feel full enough even though they eat less. In conclusion, eating rate decrease by using a small spoon may play an important role in food intake.
Keywords: spoon size; energy intake; satiety level; eating rate

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1

Picture of normal and small spoon.

Fig. 2

Picture of the meals served as lunch.

Fig. 3

Satiety level before and after lunch when a normal or small spoon was used. Values are Mean±standard deviation (SD) for 24 subjects.

Table 1

Characteristics of the subjects

1) Mean±SD

2) BMI: Body mass index, body weight (kg) / [height (m)]²

3) Eating Attitudes Test [23]

4) Zung Self-Rating Questionnaire [24]

Table 2

Usual eating and chewing behavior for the subjects

Table 3

Energy intake of rice, soup, side dish & total meal from lunch provided by the normal and small spoon

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 : normal spoon vs. small spoon by paired t-test

Table 4

Meal time, a serving per one spoon & eating rate from lunch provided by the normal and small spoon

1) Mean±SD

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001: normal spoon vs. small spoon by paired t-test

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Influence of the Size of the Spoon on the Eating rate, Energy Intake and the Satiety Levels of Female College Students

Korean J Community Nutr. 2015;20(5):375-382. Published online October 31, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.5.375

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Figure

We recommend

Influence of the Size of the Spoon on the Eating rate, Energy Intake and the Satiety Levels of Female College Students

Fig. 1 Picture of normal and small spoon.

Fig. 2 Picture of the meals served as lunch.

Fig. 3 Satiety level before and after lunch when a normal or small spoon was used. Values are Mean±standard deviation (SD) for 24 subjects.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Influence of the Size of the Spoon on the Eating rate, Energy Intake and the Satiety Levels of Female College Students

Table 1

Characteristics of the subjects

1) Mean±SD

2) BMI: Body mass index, body weight (kg) / [height (m)]²

3) Eating Attitudes Test [23]

4) Zung Self-Rating Questionnaire [24]

Table 2

Usual eating and chewing behavior for the subjects

Table 3

Energy intake of rice, soup, side dish & total meal from lunch provided by the normal and small spoon

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 : normal spoon vs. small spoon by paired t-test

Table 4

Meal time, a serving per one spoon & eating rate from lunch provided by the normal and small spoon

1) Mean±SD

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001: normal spoon vs. small spoon by paired t-test

Table 1 Characteristics of the subjects

1) Mean±SD

2) BMI: Body mass index, body weight (kg) / [height (m)]²

3) Eating Attitudes Test [23]

4) Zung Self-Rating Questionnaire [24]

Table 2 Usual eating and chewing behavior for the subjects

Table 3 Energy intake of rice, soup, side dish & total meal from lunch provided by the normal and small spoon

1) Mean±SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 : normal spoon vs. small spoon by paired t-test

Table 4 Meal time, a serving per one spoon & eating rate from lunch provided by the normal and small spoon