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Nutrient Composition and Content of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements and Their Appropriateness for Pregnant and Lactating Women in Korea
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Research Article
Nutrient Composition and Content of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements and Their Appropriateness for Pregnant and Lactating Women in Korea
Young-Hee Han, Jeong-Hyeon Seo, Gu-Rum Shin, Ju-Young Shin, Ye-Young Jo, Taisun Hyunorcid
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2018;23(4):341-351.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.4.341
Published online: August 31, 2018

Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.

Corresponding author: Taisun Hyun. Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea. Tel: (043) 261-2790, Fax: (043) 267-2742, taisun@cbnu.ac.kr
• Received: June 12, 2018   • Revised: August 2, 2018   • Accepted: August 2, 2018

Copyright © 2018 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Objectives
    Use of dietary supplements containing vitamins and minerals is growing in Korean adults, especially in pregnant and lactating women. Vitamin and mineral supplements are available in different composition and in a wide range of contents. The purposes of the study were to examine nutrient composition and content of vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women and assess their appropriateness as dietary supplements.
  • Methods
    Information on the name, manufacturer, nutrient composition, and usage of vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women were obtained from the homepage of the Food Safety Information Portal managed by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and Korean Index of Medical Specialties. A total of 264 products were identified.
  • Results
    Among 264 products, 26.1% were single nutrient products, and 73.9% were multinutrient products. The most commonly included nutrient was iron (70.1%), folic acid (66.3%), vitamin B12 (45.8%), vitamin C (38.6%), and vitamin B6 (38.6%). Although more than 50% of products contained nutrients less than 150% of Recommended Nutrient Intakes or Adequate Intakes for daily use, some products contained inappropriately high amounts of nutrients. When a maximum daily dose of supplements was taken as described on the label, iron in 73 products (39.5%), folic acid in 14 products (8.0%) were likely to be consumed in amounts greater than Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. Most products were assessed as inappropriate for pregnant women due to the possibility of excessive intake of vitamins or minerals when compared with Dietary Reference Intakes.
  • Conclusions
    Pregnant and lactating women need to carefully select dietary supplements containing adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals. Nutritionists should provide guidelines regarding selection of appropriate vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women.
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Fig. 1

Evaluation of the appropriateness of multivitamin and mineral products for pregnant women. HFF: Health functional food, OTC: Over-the-counter drug

kjcn-23-341-g001.jpg
Table 1

Manufacturing standards of vitamin and mineral supplements and Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women

kjcn-23-341-i001.jpg

DRI: Dietary Reference Intake, RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level

1) Reference [13], 2) Reference [14], 3) 19 – 49 years, 4) Not established, 5) 1 μg supplemental β-Carotene = 0.5 μgRAE, 6) Applied to the amounts consumed from supplements, not from foods

Table 2

Type of vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women

kjcn-23-341-i002.jpg

1) N (%)

Table 3

Nutrient contained in supplements for pregnant and lactating women

kjcn-23-341-i003.jpg

1) N (%)

Table 4

Nutrient contents in one tablet compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women1)

kjcn-23-341-i004.jpg

RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level, NA: Not applicable

1) 19 – 49 years, 2) N (%)

Table 5

Nutrient contents in a daily dose of supplement compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women1)

kjcn-23-341-i005.jpg

RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level, NA: Not applicable

1) 19 – 49 years, 2) N (%)

Table 6

Number of the products likely to be consumed more than Tolerable Upper Intake Level

kjcn-23-341-i006.jpg

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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    • Folate: 2020 Dietary reference intakes and nutritional status of Koreans
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      Ye-Eun Park, Yu-Jeong Gwak, Jeong Kim, YuSen Guan, Won-Ho Hong, Su-Jin Park, Na-Young Yoon, Yeon-Kye Kim, Sang Kuk Han, Jiyeon Chun
      Korean Journal of Food Preservation.2021; 28(7): 926.     CrossRef

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      Nutrient Composition and Content of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements and Their Appropriateness for Pregnant and Lactating Women in Korea
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    Nutrient Composition and Content of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements and Their Appropriateness for Pregnant and Lactating Women in Korea
    Image
    Fig. 1 Evaluation of the appropriateness of multivitamin and mineral products for pregnant women. HFF: Health functional food, OTC: Over-the-counter drug
    Nutrient Composition and Content of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements and Their Appropriateness for Pregnant and Lactating Women in Korea

    Manufacturing standards of vitamin and mineral supplements and Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women

    DRI: Dietary Reference Intake, RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level

    1) Reference [13], 2) Reference [14], 3) 19 – 49 years, 4) Not established, 5) 1 μg supplemental β-Carotene = 0.5 μgRAE, 6) Applied to the amounts consumed from supplements, not from foods

    Type of vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women

    1) N (%)

    Nutrient contained in supplements for pregnant and lactating women

    1) N (%)

    Nutrient contents in one tablet compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women1)

    RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level, NA: Not applicable

    1) 19 – 49 years, 2) N (%)

    Nutrient contents in a daily dose of supplement compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women1)

    RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level, NA: Not applicable

    1) 19 – 49 years, 2) N (%)

    Number of the products likely to be consumed more than Tolerable Upper Intake Level

    Table 1 Manufacturing standards of vitamin and mineral supplements and Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women

    DRI: Dietary Reference Intake, RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level

    1) Reference [13], 2) Reference [14], 3) 19 – 49 years, 4) Not established, 5) 1 μg supplemental β-Carotene = 0.5 μgRAE, 6) Applied to the amounts consumed from supplements, not from foods

    Table 2 Type of vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women

    1) N (%)

    Table 3 Nutrient contained in supplements for pregnant and lactating women

    1) N (%)

    Table 4 Nutrient contents in one tablet compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women1)

    RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level, NA: Not applicable

    1) 19 – 49 years, 2) N (%)

    Table 5 Nutrient contents in a daily dose of supplement compared with Dietary Reference Intakes for pregnant women1)

    RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, AI: Adequate Intake, UL: Tolerable Upper Intake Level, NA: Not applicable

    1) 19 – 49 years, 2) N (%)

    Table 6 Number of the products likely to be consumed more than Tolerable Upper Intake Level


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