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Nutritional Status of Mentally Retarded Children by Residence and by Degree of Handicap
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Changim Kim, Ki Soon Park, Young sook Park
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Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(1):112-119. Published online February 28, 2003
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- We studied the nutritional status of on mentally handicapped children living at home or in institutions since early teenage years are nutritionally important. The subjects of 7 to 12 year old mentally retarded children attending a special education school in Seoul were surveyed with questionnaires as well as 2-day dietary recall records, with the help of persons of their care-giver when needed. Among the 64 children, 54.7% are living in institutions and the rest of them are living at home. They were ranged from the trainable (64.1%), the educable (26.6%), and the non-trainable (9.4%). Their average daily intake of energy intakes (%RDA) was 2,070.1 kcal (94.1%), Ca 603.9 mg (75.5%), Fe 11.1 mg (92.5%), Vt.A 507.5 RE (84.6%), Vt. B2 1.1 g (88.2%), niacin 14.1 g (93.6%) and Vt. C 58.2 g (83.1%). Their average intakes of these nutrients were significantly higher in subjects of institutions than at home. The nutrients consumed at a much higher level than the RDA of the normal children were Vt. B1 (1.6 g, 146.8%) and protein (75.3g, 136.9%). The higher percentage of children at home were under consumed of several nutrients (< 75% RDA) than ones in institutions. When comparing the degree of handicap, energy and nutrient intakes except Vt. C were highest in educable children than trainable ones or Dawn's children. MAR of the diets of the subjects was 0.84. Children at home showed lower MAR as well as NAR of each nutrients, whereas children belonged to INQ < 1 were less at home. Handicapped children at home were snacking higher amount relative to their calorie intake and too frequently, that may lead to their poor nutrition. There was positive correlations between factors of nutrition and physical and dietary behaviors, but there were no correlations between factors of nutrition and health-related habits. Nutritional caring mentally handicapped children in institutions seemed to be more effectively managed.
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Eating Behaviors and Food Preferences of Mentally Retarded Children according to the Degree of their Handicap
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Young Sook Park, Ki Soon Park, Chang Im Kim
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Korean J Community Nutr 2002;7(5):628-638. Published online October 31, 2002
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- The handicapped frequently suffer from inappropriate food intake often resulting in overweightness, malnutrition, and poor growth and development. Our study was done on 7 to 12 year old mentally retarded children attending a special education school in Seoul. We administered questionnaire surveys and 3-day dietary recalls of the subjects, with help when needed from their stay-at home or their care-giving teachers. The questionnaires covered the general characteristics and dietary behaviors of the subjects. The degrees of handicap of the 142 children ranged from the trainable (54.9%), the educable (31.0%), and the non-trainable (14.1%). Of the children studied, 70.4% had 'breakfast always', which was higher than normal. Appetites were highest in the Down's Syndrome group. We found that the more serious the handicap, the higher the breakfast eating ratio and appetite level. The main reason for their missing breakfast differed accroding to the handicap level: 'late rising' in the educable and non-trainable groups but 'no appetite' in the trainable group. Most of the children (52.2%) spent less than 20 minutes eating their meals, the parents described their children's dietary habit problems as a pica (22.3%) or overeating (17.3%), and they indicated that teaching the children how to use spoons and chopsticks (33.1%) was the most stressful. Actually more than 85% of the subjects could not use chopsticks, and skill of using cutlery was significantly different according to the degree of handicap. The food preference for milk products was the highest. It was interesting that the handicapped who had serious food pica didn't like food groups such as grains/starches, meats/fishes/eggs/beans or vegetables/fruits.
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Nutrient Intakes and Health-related Behaviors of the Elderly in Rural Area
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Young Sook Park, Sun Kim, Ki Soon Park, Joung Won Lee, Ki Nam Kim
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Korean J Community Nutr 1999;4(1):37-45. Published online March 31, 1999
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- A study about health status of the elderly in rural area was performed with 110 home-bound elderly. The results obtained by questionaires and personal interviews recall were as follows. 1) Subjects were 68.6 years of age on average. They revealed the physical tendency of not overweight but high blood pressure. 2) We found that seniors who live alone in rural area were more than in urban area. 3) Average daily intakes of energy and protein of rural elderly were lower than the Korean RDA and the intakes of Ca, riboflavin and niacin in female were also lower. 4) Nutrient intakes were related to family income, food expense, smoking amount, drinking frequency and duration of exercrse, which suggested the needs of nutrition education for the seniors and meal services especially for the low-income elderly.
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