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Relation among Hair Mineral Contents, Nutrient Intakes and Clinical Symptoms of Male Middle School Students in Urban and Local Area
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Mi Hyun Kim, Mi Kyeong Choi, Ye Sook Jun, Hye Kyung Cho, Chung Ja Sung
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Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(2):133-141. Published online April 30, 2007
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- Minerals play important roles in biological processes. Hair mineral analysis has the advantages of conveniences in sampling and observing the profiles of multiple minerals simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to compare hair mineral contents between urban and local middle school students, and to find out the relation with nutrient intakes and clinical symptoms. Ten nutritional minerals and 7 environmental mineral contents were analyzed in the hair samples of 44 and 37 male students who resided in urban and local area, respectively. And their nutrient intake and clinical symptom score were estimated from questionnaire. The average age, height, and weight were 15.1 years, 168.4 cm, 56.8 kg in urban subjects and 15.4 years, 169.1 cm, 61.9 kg in local subjects, respectively. The residence types were apartment (63.6%) and small-sized apartment (22.7%) in urban subjects and apartment (51.4%) and house (37.8%) in local subjects. The primary water sources were purified water (38.3%), running water (18.2%) in urban subjects and purified water (32.4%), underground water (27.0%) in local subjects, respectively. Daily energy and nutrient intakes were not significantly different between two groups. Among the surveyed 17 clinical symptoms, the scores of constipation, cold, anxieties and total score of clinical symptoms in urban subjects were significantly lower than those in local subjects. Hair contents of Na, Mg, Ca, Cu, V, Al, As were significantly higher, while U was lower in urban subjects compared to those in rural subjects. Hair contents of Ni and U were significantly correlated with food intake, and Cr, V, Al, Sb, As, U showed a correlation with energy intake. Hair Mg level showed significantly negative correlation with total clinical symptom score. In conclusion, hair mineral profile between urban and local students was significantly different. And some of these minerals were significantly correlated with food and nutrient intakes. Especially hair magnesium was significantly correlated with total clinical symptom score. Therefore, hair mineral levels would be needed for more systematic study elucidating potentiality as a useful clinical tool.
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A Comparative Study on Isoflavone Intakes and Blood Lipids between Hypertensive and Normotensive
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Mi Kyeong Choi, Ye Sook Jun
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Korean J Community Nutr 2006;11(2):271-278. Published online April 30, 2006
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- It has been suggested that isoflavones protect the cardiovascular system, in part by attenuating blood pressure. The purpose of the present research was to compare the isoflavone intake and blood lipids between hypertensive and normotensive and to examine dietary management for prevention of hypertension. Anthropometrical measurements, blood pressures, nutrients and isoflavone intakes using the 24-hour recall method, and serum lipids of 81 hypertensives and 77 normotensives were estimated. The average age, height, weight, and BMI were 58.2 years, 158.5 cm, 64.3 kg, and 25.6 kg/m2 for the hypertensive and 58.0 years, 159.4 cm, 63.0 kg, and 24.8 kg/m2 for the normotensive, respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the hypertensive were significantly higher than those of the normotensive (p<0.001, p<0.001). The daily food intake of the hypertensive was significantly lower than that of the normotensive (p<0.01). The daily energy intakes of hypertensive and normotesive were 1479.8 kcal and 1590.9 kcal and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Carbohydrate intake of the hypertensive was significantly higher than that of the normotensive (p<0.05). However, daily intakes of plant protein, fiber, ash, calcium, sodium, potassium, and vitamin B1 of the hypertensive were significantly lower than those of the normotensive (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05). The daily intakes of daidzein, genistein, isoflavone of the hypertensive were significantly lower than those of the normotensive (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05). However, isoflavone intakes per 1000 kcal showed no significant difference between the two groups. Serum lipids of the hypertensive and normotensive were 189.6 mg/dL and 187.2 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 157.3 mg/dL and 161.9 mg/dL for triglyceride, 42.9 mg/dL and 43.5 mg/dL for HDL-cholesterol, 115.2 mg/dL and 111.4 mg/dL for LDL-cholesterol, and 3.5 and 3.4 for atherogenic index. In the total subjects, there was a significantly negative correlation between systolic blood pressure and genistein intake (p<0.05). Based on these results, we concluded that the daily intakes of food, energy, and isoflavones of hypertensives were lower than normotensives. Therefore, it should be emphasized that proper dietary management considering these dietary factors for prevention of hypertension.
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The Effect of Daytime Jobs on the Dietary Behaviors and Nutrient Intakes among Evening Class University Students
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Hyun Ju Choi, Ye Sook Jun, Min Kyung Park, Mi Kyeong Choi
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Korean J Community Nutr 1999;4(2):175-185. Published online June 30, 1999
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- This study was conducted among the university students to investigate the effects of working in an daytime and studying in an evening class on dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes. A 24-hour recall method was used along with food frequency questionnaires. The subjects were composed of three groups : 172 were in the daytime calss regular student group(RS), 178 were evening class students without a job(ESWOJ), and 140 were evening class students with a job(ESWJ). An average age of the ESWJ was 31 years old, which was 9 years older than the RS and 7 years older than the ESWOJ. The types of the residence were significantly different among the groups ; were seif-boarding 74% of the ESWJ stayed at home while 47% of the RS were self-boarding and 61% of the ESWOJ. The survey shows that while a great majority of the RS and ESWOJ has breakfast and supper at home, about 10% and 17% of the ESWJ ate breakfast and supper, respectively, at the cafeteria in their work place. The most frequently skipped meal was the breakfast in all groups. Approximately 9% of the ESWJ tended to skip the breakfast, while 27% of the RS and 33% of the ESWOJ did. It turns out that the mose common reason why ESWJ skipped meals was due to a lack of time. About 71% of the ESWJ ate out more than once a week compared to 57% and 62% of the RS and ESWOJ, respectively. Approximately 30% of the ESWJ ate out more than once a week compared to 57% and 62% of the RS and ESWOJ, respectively. Approximately 30% of the ESWJ spent less than 10 minutes at meal time, showing a hurried eating habit. The results show that the ESWJ tended to eat a variety of food s and eat less instant foods, but drink coffee more often compared to the other two groups. The results also show that in all groups, the intakes of energy, Ca, and vitamin A were lower than the Korean Recommended Daily Allowances(RDA). In addition to these nutrients, protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin were also lower than the RDA in all make students, and Fe was lower than the RDA in all female students. Among the deficient nutrients, vitamin A showed the lowest % RDA : 48% in the male and 64% in the female students. Among the deficient nutrients, vitamin A showed the lowest % RDA ; 48% in the male and 64% in the female students. The intakes of Ca, Fe, and niacin in the ESWJ were significantly greater than those in the RS and ESWOJ groups, and the vitamin C intake in the ESWJ was greater than that in the ESWOJ(p<0.01). In conclusion, university students in all three groups have a serious imbalance in the nutrient intakes, and the evening class students with a daytime job have unhealthy dietary behaviors in the light of high frequency of eating out and heavy coffee drinking, a rushed eating pattern, and therefore showing a strong need of proper nutritional education for them.
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