Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
Operation and Process Evaluation of a Community Meal Program for the Elderly in Rural Areas during Agricultural Off-Season Perceived by Cooking Volunteers: Jeong Sook Bae, Sol Bee Seong, So Mang Jang, Chang Hee Yoo, Young Suk Lim, Young Mi Lee, Hae Ryun Park, Kyung Eun Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2019;24(4):277-289. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.4.277

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the practices of a community meal program for older adults in rural areas during the agricultural off-season.
METHODS
A survey was conducted from December 12 to December 22, 2016. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 150 cooking volunteers, who had participated in the community meal program in 50 villages. A total of 114 responses were returned from 44 villages and used for data analysis. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with the volunteers of eight villages.
RESULTS
Most of the cooking volunteers were 50 years old or older and they participated in serving older adults meals for good will. The cooking volunteers perceived that the older adults in their community did not eat various foods, had difficulties in grocery shopping, and frequently consumed salty foods. During the agricultural off-season, 40.9% of villages served the older adults meals 6â€“7 days a week and 95.5% provided meals for lunch. An average of 21 to 40 older adults were served meals in each village. The cooking volunteers reported that the food preparation and meal service times were sufficient, recipes provided were useful, and menus met the preference of the older adults. At the end of the program, they felt proud of serving meals for older adults in the community. An increased awareness of healthy eating, interest in health, and consumption of nutritious meals, a decrease in loneliness among older adults, and the promotion of fellowship in the community were rated highly. The cooking volunteers expected additional support for cooking personnel and insisted that the program should be provided for the entire agricultural off-seasons.
CONCLUSIONS
The community meal program during the agricultural off-season for the elderly in rural areas was effective in improving the dietary life of older adults, relieving their feelings of isolation, and promoting fellowship of the community. The volunteers felt workload due to a shortage of volunteers but answered that they were rewarded by helping older adults in their community.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

An Interactive Live and Online Cooking Program for Children in Vulnerable Families—An Exploratory Study
Jiyoung Park, Sein Hwang, Seolhyang Baek, Gill A. Ten Hoor
Healthcare.2022; 10(12): 2389. CrossRef
Disparities in dietary quantity and quality between the two different types of Korean family of older adults living with spouses and living alone: using data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yu Rim Choi, Hae Ryun Park, Kyung Hee Song, Youngmi Lee, Young Suk Lim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2020; 14(3): 242. CrossRef
Patient-centered counseling program using health coaching to promote self-care among elderly hypertension patients in the rural area of South Korea
HeyJean Lee, Jung Min Kim, Ji Young Moon
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2020; 37(2): 99. CrossRef

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[English]
Effect of Nutritional Education and Exercise Intervention on Reducing and Maintaining Weight in Obese Women: Myoung Sook Kim, Mee Sook Choi, Ki Nam Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(1):80-89. Published online February 28, 2007

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of nutritional education and exercise intervention on reduction and maintenance of weight. The subjects were 24 obese women whose body mass index (BMI) was over 25 kg/m(2). Nutritional education was performed once a week and swimming was done three times a week throughout this 12 week program. The subjects were recalled 1 month after the program was complete. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24 hour recall method. Also food habits, dietary behaviors and nutritional knowledge were investigated by self-administered questionnaires before and after the weight control program and one month after completing the program. Height, weight, body composition and blood levels were measured before and after the weight control program and one month after completing the program. During the 12 weeks of the weight control program, body weight significantly decreased from an average of 69.7 kg to 65.8 kg and to 65.1kg after one month (p < 0.05). Body fat and BMI also significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Cholesterol and blood sugar levels decreased after 12 weeks and increased one month after completing the program. After taking nutritional education, the nutritional knowledge scores increased. Calcium intake significantly increased after completing the education and one month after completing the program (p < 0.01). Iron intake significantly decreased from an average of 12.1 g to 11.3 g after completing the program and increased to 15.5 g one month after completing the progrom (p < 0.001). We concluded that our nutritional education and exercise program was effective for reducing and maintaining weight.

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[English]
Using Activity-Based Cost in Menu Engineering for Restaurant Menu Analysis: Bong Shik Lee, Seo Young Shin, Mi Kyung Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2006;11(5):642-649. Published online October 31, 2006

Abstract PDF: The purposes of this study were to investigate methods of applying activity-based cost to menu engineering and to examine the feasibility. A total of 6 menu items of XYZ restaurant in Seoul were selected and the ledger of September 2005 was used for menu analysis. The menu mix percent of beef sirloin steak (61.95%) and beef tenderloin steak (17.13%) were labeled as high, whereas BBQ pork ribs (4.94%), salmon fillet (2.66%), seafood platter (5.77%), and teriyaki chicken (7.56%) showed low menu mix percent. In addition, the contribution margin for BBQ pork ribs (29,000 won), salmon fillet (25,810 won), seafood platter (22,400 won), and teriyaki chicken (22,000 won) were higher than the average contribution margin (21,957 won), and those for beef sirloin steak (21,200 won) and beef tenderloin steak (21,900 won) were lower than average. When popularity and contribution margin were applied in menu engineering, BBQ pork ribs, salmon fillet, seafood platter and teriyaki chicken were classified as puzzles and beef tenderloin steak and beef sirloin steak as plowhorses. Menu engineering using popularity and operating profit, which was calculated from activity-based cost, also gave the same results, whereas the additional label for activity cost placed BBQ pork ribs and salmon fillet in the brain teaser category. Ranking analysis on variables estimating menu profitability using Spearman's rho revealed that there were no significant correlation between variables, which means the estimation of menu item profitability could differ by methods of analysis. With these results, it was concluded that activity-based cost would help to establish more detailed marketing strategy for a restaurant.

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[English]
Investigation of Factors Influencing Career Decision-Making of Students in Foodservice Management and Culinary Arts Programs: Kyung Eun Lee, Tae Hee Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2005;10(3):311-318. Published online June 30, 2005

Abstract PDF: The purposes of the study were to identify important attributes in foodservice management and culinary arts students' career decision-making and to investigate factors determining their preferred employment fields. A questionnaire that consisted of preferred employment fields, importance rating of 19 attributes related to job choices, and demographic information was developed based on a review of literature. A total of 319 students enrolled in food and nutrition, foodservice management, and culinary arts programs of eight 2-year colleges and 4-year universities in Seoul and Kyunggi Province participated in the survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS Win (version 10.0) with descriptive statistics, chisquare analysis, one-way analysis of variance, factor analysis, and discriminant analysis. Attributes of the highest importance scores included fringe benefits, wages and promotion opportunities, working environments, professional development opportunities, and organizational culture. The students who preferred non-commercial foodservice as a career choice depended more on "word-of-mouth from faculty" than those who preferred other fields (F = 3.094, p < .05) and rated importance of "participation in job fairs" higher than those who selected hotel food and beverage (F = 5.048, p < .01). A factor analysis of the 19 attributes resulted in five factors:job/compensation policy, impersonal communication, company image, word-of-mouth, and personal experience. The five factors explained 67% of the total variance. A discriminant analysis revealed that students who perceived "impersonal communication" and "word-of-mouth" more important were likely to prefer non-commercial foodservice as a career choice. The results would be used by university faculty in advising graduating students on career selection and by recruiters in developing effective and attractive recruiting programs.

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[English]
Differences in Characteristics and Dietary Habits between Volunteers and Selected Subjects in Nutrition Survey: Wan Soo Kim, Mi Jung Kim, Taisun Hyun; Korean J Community Nutr 2004;9(4):511-518. Published online August 31, 2004

Abstract PDF: This study was designed to compare general characteristics and dietary habits between volunteers for a nutrition survey and non-volunteers using a questionnaire. Volunteers were recruited by advertising on the homepage of a university to assess nutritional status by examining dietary intake for three days and blood analysis. Non-volunteers were selected from some classes not related to nutrition. There were no significant differences in sex, monthly allowances, eating-out cost, drinking and exercise between the two groups, while the proportion of self-boarding was higher in the volunteer group than in the non-volunteer group, and smoking rate of volunteers was approximately 2.4 times lower than that of non-volunteers. Volunteers were less concerned about their diet than non-volunteers. No significant differences in concern about health, considering factors in their diet, self-evaluation of their diet, learning experience about nutrition, and vitamin/mineral supplement use were observed. The frequency and the place of eating-out for dinner were significantly different between the two groups. More proportions of volunteers tended to eat regularly and eat breakfast. Volunteers consumed seaweeds more frequently, and milk, fruits and fast foods less frequently than nonvolunteers. Our results indicate that some characteristics and dietary habits of volunteers are different from those of non-volunteers. However, we could not show that volunteers were more interested in their diet and had desirable dietary habits than non-volunteers. Further research on the characteristics of volunteers who participate in nutrition survey may be helpful to interpret and generalize the survey results.

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[English]
Development and Application of Menu Engineering Technique for University Residence Hall Foodservice: Il Sun Yang, Hae Young Lee, Seo Young Shin, Hyun Wook Do; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(1):62-70. Published online February 28, 2003

Abstract PDF: This article aims to summarize the development and application of menu engineering technique, 'Menu Engineering Modified by Preference (MEMP)'. The site selected for this project was a foodservice operation in Yonsei University residence hall. Sales and food costs data were collected from the daily sales reports for 1 month, and the survey of food preference was conducted during May, 1999. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/Win 6.12 for descriptive analysis. The calculation for menu analysis were carried out with MS 2000 Excel spreadsheet program. This MEMP technique developed had 6 category criteria and 2 dimensions of the contribution margin (CM) and the menu mix modified% (MMM%). The MMM% was calculated by the sales volumes and also weighted by food preference. The CM and MMM% for each item were compared with a mean menu CM as well as a 70% rule. Four possible classifications by MEMP were turned out as 'STAR', 'PLOWHORSE', 'PUZZLE', 'DOG'. 'STAR' items were the most popular and profitable items and required to maintain rigid specifications for quality. The decision actions for 'PLOWHORSE' menu items which were relatively popular, but yield a low menu average CM included combining a plowhorse item with lower cost products and reducing the frequency of serving or serving size. There was a need for 'PUZZLE' items to be changed in the menu combination, improve recipe, and promote menu. The last 'DOG' items were desired to be deleted. This study demonstrates that menu information can be interpreted more easily with MEMP. The use of MEMP is therefore an effective way to improve management decisions about menu of university residence hall foodservice.

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