Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

[English]
Field Application and Evaluation of Health Status Assessment Tool based on Dietary Patterns for Middle-Aged Women: Hye Jin Lee, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(4):277-288. Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.4.277

OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to verify the validity and judgment criteria setting of a health status assessment tool based on dietary patterns for middle-aged women.
METHODS
A total of 474 middle-aged women who visited the Comprehensive Medical Examination Center at Hanmaeum Hospital in Changwon were enrolled (IRB 2013-0005). The validity was verified using clinical indicators for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS), and it was used to set the criteria for the tool. A logistic regression analysis was performed for validation. The area under-receiver operation (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Youden Index were calculated through ROC curve analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21, and p value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
RESULTS
The mean score of the group with no MS (73.3 points) was significantly higher compared to the group with MS (65.7 points) (p < 0.001). An analysis of the association between the tool scores and risk of MS showed a 0.15-fold reduction in the risk of MS every time the tool's score increased by one point. As the result of the ROC curve analysis, the assessment reference point was set to 71 points, indicating 77.0% sensitivity and 61.0% specificity. Risk of MS was significantly higher in the group with a score of less than 71.0 than a group with more than 71 points (OR=5.28, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
This study was the first attempt to develop a health status assessment tool based on the dietary patterns for middle-aged women, and this tool has proven its usefulness as an MS assessment tool through the application of middle-aged women in the field of health screening.

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Association of milk and dairy product consumption with the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults: a 16-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Yeseung Jeong, Kyung Won Lee, Hyekyeong Kim, Yuri Kim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1225. CrossRef

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[English]
Gender Differences in Adolescents' Dietary Perceptions and Practices: Taejung Woo, Hye Jin Lee, Kyoung Ae Lee, Seung Min Lee, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(2):165-177. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.165

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OBJECTIVES
This study attempted to compare adolescents' dietary behaviors and perceptions by gender in order to recommend useful strategies for nutrition interventions.
METHODS
Subjects were 2,363 middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students. They completed a self-administered questionnaire on their interest in diet and health, dietary perceptions, nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and dietary environment at home. Data were analyzed using t-test, Ï‡2-test, and simple regression analysis by gender and by school groups.
RESULTS
Overall, girls obtained higher scores than boys did for "interest" (MS: p<0.001; HS: p<0.01), "dietary perceptions" (MS: p<0.001; HS: p<0.01), and "knowledge" (MS: p<0.01; HS: p<0.001). Regarding "dietary practices," no gender differences were observed among MS students, however, among HS students, boys obtained higher scores-reflecting good practices-than girls did (p<0.01). In all subjects, dietary environment at home was strongly associated with dietary practice than other variables (MS boys: Î²=0.435, p<0.001; MS girls: Î²=0.492, p<0.001, HS boys: Î²=0.271, p<0.001; HS girls: Î²=0.429, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
We observed gender differences in some of the variables such as knowledge and perception among adolescent students. Educational programs and core strategies that consider these gender differences need to be developed. Specifically, for girls, educational programs should focus on facilitating dietary recommendation adherence, whereas for boys, the program could focus on improving dietary knowledge and perceptions.

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Development of evaluation items for adolescents’ dietary habits and nutritional practices reflecting eating behaviors and food environment
Jimin Lim, Hye Ji Seo, Jieun Oh
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(1): 136. CrossRef
Restaurant Meal Delivery and Take-Out Consumption Behavior according to Adolescents’ Food-Related Lifestyles
Yulee Shin, Minsook Kyung, Seonyeong Baek, Sunny Ham
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2021; 31(3): 172. CrossRef
Association between Stress and Nutritional status of High School Students in Chungbuk using Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents
In Young Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 361. CrossRef
Development of NQ-A, Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents, to assess dietary quality and food behavior
Hye-Young Kim, Jung-Sug Lee, Ji-Yun Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Hae Rang Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Myung-Hee Kang, Young-Sun Choi
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(2): 142. CrossRef
Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Attitudes, and Dietary Behaviors by Gender of High School Students in Incheon
Zolzaya Erdenebileg, So Hyun Park, Su Ji Park, Kyung Ja Chang
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2016; 31(6): 652. CrossRef
Adulterated Food Management Characteristics according to Dietary Lifestyles among Adolescents
Yunhwa Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(6): 509. CrossRef
Application and the Effect of Nutrition Education Program Based on the Social Cognitive Theory Among Middle School Girls
Jihea Kim, Taejung Woo, Kyoung Ae Lee, Seung Min Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(6): 497. CrossRef

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[English]
Health Status Assessment Tool Development based on Dietary Patterns in Middle-Aged Women: Hye Jin Lee, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(1):37-52. Published online February 29, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.1.37

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OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to develop an assessment tool for middle aged women's health status based on dietary patterns, which will have practical applications in the working field of health and hygiene, aiming at improving the middle aged women's quality of life through their health improvement.
METHODS
As a first step, a literature review was conducted and the original data of '2008~2009 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey' were reanalyzed. This analysis identified 65 preliminary questions that may be relevant to the study. After verifying the content validity by experts, the 65 questions were reduced into 51 questions. In order to secure higher validity of the candidate items, verification of their clinical validity was conducted among women aged between 45 and 60 years. Finally, an assessment tool was developed by applying weight and scoring.
RESULTS
Selected 51 questions were used to verify clinical validity and the results showed that 20 questions were relevant, nine questions ('regular meal time', 'regular amount of meal', 'intake frequency of dairy products', 'intake frequency of fruits', 'intake frequency of meat products', 'intake frequency of high cholesterol foods', 'intake frequency of salty foods', 'appetite', 'eat breakfast everyday') were related to dietary life. Eleven other questions ('self-rated health status', 'deep sleep', 'smoking', 'frequency of drinking', 'stress levels', 'health-related fitness levels', 'pounding of the heart', 'strange feelings on the skin', 'interfere with daily life', 'menopause will bring you a chance to see the life in a different perspective', and 'body mass index') were selected as valid questions. For the response scale for each question, 5 point Likert scale was used to make total 100 point score.
CONCLUSIONS
This study is the first attempt to develop a health status assessment tool for middle aged women based on their dietary patterns. We conclude that this tool is expected to be a useful and practical tool in the field.

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Food consumption frequency of Korean adults based on whether or not having chewing difficulty using 2013–2016 KNHANES by sex-stratified comparative analysis
Mi Jeong Kim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2020; 14(6): 637. CrossRef
Field Application and Evaluation of Health Status Assessment Tool based on Dietary Patterns for Middle-Aged Women
Hye-Jin Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(4): 277. CrossRef

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[English]
The relationship between Intake of Health Foods and Dietary Behavior in Middle-Aged Women: Mi Hee Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Mi Jeong Kim, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(5):436-447. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.5.436

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OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate the health food consumption patterns and their relationship to dietary behavior in middle-aged women (45-60 years).
METHODS
The exclusive face-to-face interviews by well-trained interviewers guaranteed a scientific data collection and the quality of survey data of 731 women. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the intake of the health foods, 'Intake' group (> or = 3.2, n = 488) and 'Non-intake' group (n = 243). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program.
RESULTS
The average age of the subjects was 49.8 years and 66.8% of subjects were taking the health foods. Vitamins and minerals were consumed by the subjects. The major reason for intake of health foods was that they provide nutrient supplements may prevent diseases. More than 70% of the subjects reported checking nutrition information, ingredients, recommended daily intakes, instructions, when they bought the health foods. The average dietary life score of the intake group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the non-intake group. In analysis of exploratory factors of dietary life, the intake group showed significantly higher score (p < 0.001) in 'moderation of food intake' among the 4 exploratory factors.
CONCLUSIONS
These results showed that women who took health foods had better dietary behavior than others suggesting a positive relation between the dietary behavior and the health food consumption. Therefore, we suggest that developing guidelines and then educating women about those guidelines could improve the ability of choosing health foods appropriately for their own benefit.

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Association of milk and dairy product consumption with the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults: a 16-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Yeseung Jeong, Kyung Won Lee, Hyekyeong Kim, Yuri Kim
Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(6): 1225. CrossRef
The Association between 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Score Calculated Using 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level among Aged 40–79 Years in Korea: The Sixth K
Mun Hee Kim, Young Sang Kim, Hye Jin Oh, Yu Ri Kwon, Hye Won Kim
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2018; 39(3): 174. CrossRef

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[English]
Characteristics of the Health Factors in 45~60 Year Old Korean Women related to Menopausal Stages: Based on 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Hye Jin Lee, Kwang Hyun Cho, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(4):450-462. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.4.450

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We analyzed data from the combined 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to compare the health factors related to menopausal stages in 45~60 year old Korean women. In this study, we classified the subjects into a premenopausal group (n = 439) and a postmenopausal group (n = 683). In the postmenopausal group, age was higher (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.01) and education levels (p < 0.001) were significantly lower than in the premenopausal group. Body fat % and waist circumferences were also higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. The serum glucose (p < 0.05), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglyceride (p < 0.001), GOT (p < 0.001), GPT (p < 0.001) in the postmenopausal group were higher than in the premenopausal group. The postmenopausal group showed a significantly lower quality of life compared to the premenopausal group (p < 0.01). With regard to dietary quality, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin in the postmenopausal group were significantly lower than in the premenopausal group. The levels of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride showed a significantly positive correlation with age, waist circumferences, body fat % and BMI. The 45~60 year old Korean women in this study showed high levels of obesity and serum lipids. Also, intakes of the vitamins and minerals of the women did not meet the level of Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. Therefore, nutritional risk may be high in the women, especially in postmenopausal women. In order to prevent the health risk, women's health care including the quality of the meal should be considered.

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Analysis of Physical Characteristics and Nutrient Intakes according to Menopause and Number of Years Passed Using National Health and Nutrition Survey (2013-2019) Data
Su Gyung Kim, Bok-Mi Jung
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2023; 34(2): 235. CrossRef

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[English]
Effects of Nutritional Education Practice Program for Cardiocerebrovascular High-risk Group at the Education Information Center: Hang Me Nam, Seung Hee Woo, Young Ji Cho, Yun Jung Choi, Su Yeon Back, So Yeon Yoon, Jin Young Lee, Jung Jeung Lee, Hye Jin Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(5):580-591. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.5.580

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This research was performed to investigate the effects of NEP (Nutritional Education Practice) program developed by KHyDDI (Korea Hypertension Diabetes Daegu Initiative) for hypertension and diabetes patients. The subjects were 116 patients (hypertension 70, diabetes 46) who had completed basic education program at the education information center and four-session program was implemented for them. Nutrient intake was analyzed and compared before and after the program by 24-hr recall method and evaluate weight, waist circumference, body fat, blood pressure and eating habits in terms of nutrition knowledge, eating behavior, salty taste assessment. The improved results after the program were observed in weight, waist circumference, body fat ratio, blood pressure, slightly salty taste in salty taste assessment, nutrition knowledge, eating behavior, sodium, energy, carbohydrate and protein intake ratio to total energy (p < 0.001). Therefore, this program is effective in the improvement of weight, waist circumference and eating behavior, and the continued management would lead to the prevention of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in the community.

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The impact of differential cost sharing of prescription drugs on the use of primary care clinics among patients with hypertension or diabetes
Eunja Park, Daeeun Kim, Sookja Choi
Public Health.2019; 173: 105. CrossRef
Effect of Staged Education Program for Hypertension, Diabetes Patients in a Community (Assessment of Quality of Life Using EQ-5D)
Jung Jeung Lee, Hye Jin Lee, Eun Jin Park
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2014; 39(1): 37. CrossRef
Comparison of the Health Behaviors according to Income and Education Level among Cardio-Cerebrovascular Patients; based on KNHANES data of 2010-2011
Ji-Yeon Choi, Seong-Woo Choi
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(10): 6223. CrossRef
Effects of Nutrition Education and Personalized Lunch Service Program for Elderly at Senior Welfare Center in Jeonju
Jeong-Sook Bae, Mi-Hyun Kim, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(1): 65. CrossRef
Community-based Nutritional Management for Secondary Prevention of Diabetic Macrovascular Diseases
Hye Jin Lee, Jung Jeung Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2013; 14(1): 36. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a Community Staged Education Program for the Cardiocerebrovascular Disease High-risk Patients
Hye-Jin Lee, Jung-Jeung Lee, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Sin Kam
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2012; 37(3): 167. CrossRef

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[English]
Nutrient Intake and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Male Smokers: Myeong Ok Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Eunju Park, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(6):783-795. Published online December 31, 2010

Abstract PDF: This study was intended to investigate the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in healthy 92 male smokers (mean age: 44.4 +/- 7.8 yrs). We investigated the anthropometric assessment and dietary intake survey for 2 days by 24-recall method, also blood pressure and serum lipids were measured. The average numbers of cigarettes smoking a day were 21.3/d, smoking duration were 21.5 years. The proportion of fat energy was 24.9% and intakes of vitamin B2, folate, calcium, potassum and fiber were lower than KDRI. The body mass index (BMI) and body fat % were 24.8, 23.9% respectively. The systolic (134.1 +/- 1.4 mmHg) and the diastolic blood (87.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg) pressure were in borderline hypertension. Among biochemical parameters, TG (173.6 +/- 9.4 mg/dL) and fasting blood glucose (109.0 +/- 2.4 mg/dL) levels were out of normal values. The most occurred problem among the risk factors related to MS was the borderline hypertension (63%) in subjects. Regarding the correlations of anthropometric data with biochemical factors, TG was significantly correlated with the BMI, body fat % and waist circumference. Smoking years showed positive correlation with AI. These results suggest that the smoking habit has significant relations with the risk factors of MS. Therefore, quitting is necessary to prevent MS, and nutrition education and dietary management program are required to prevent the degenerative disease.

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[English]
Development and Evaluation of a Nutrition Education Program on Sodium Reduction in Elementary School Students: Yun Young Jung, Eun Kyung Shin, Hye Jin Lee, Nan Hee Lee, Byung Yeol Chun, Moon Young Ann, Yeon Kyung Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(6):746-755. Published online December 31, 2009

Abstract PDF: This study was to develop and evaluate a nutrition education program to reduce dietary sodium. The school children (218 boys, 226 girls), from 8 elementary schools in the city of Daegu, Korea, were involved in this study. This research was based on the data from two groups of elementary school children, the "education" group (n = 240), and "no-education" group (n = 204). Educational media and programs were developed to educate the education group for four weeks and were presented on the web (www.saltdown.com). After education, the preference for a non-salty taste in the education group increased 10%, compared with those who preferred a non-salty taste before education. There was a significant change away from a preference for a salty taste and a rise in the mean score for nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude in the education group compared to the no-education group (p < 0.05). This study indicates that school children can reduce their dependency on preference for a salty taste and change their high-salt dietary behavior after the education.

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[English]
Association of Nutritional Status with Obesity by Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference among Hypertensive Elderly Patients: Kyung Hee Seo, Hye Jin Lee, Bu Dol Lim, Yun Jung Choi, Hyunmee Oh, Jin Sook Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(6):831-845. Published online December 31, 2009

Abstract PDF: Hypertension and obesity are important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in Korea. Therefore, we assessed the association between dietary pattern and obesity in hypertensive patients to formulate health promotion strategies for the older population. Dietary information was collected from hypertensive patients visiting community health education and information center by using 24 hour recall method. The 2005 DRIs for Koreans was used to evaluate the dietary adequacy. When subjects were categorized by body mass index (BMI) as normal, overweight and obese, no significant difference in energy intake was found among groups. Dietary intakes of folate, and vitamin C in obese hypertensive patients were significantly lower than in normal weight patients (p < 0.05). When we compare the nutritional status by waist circumferences, dietary intakes of zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, vitamin C and folate were significantly lower in the obese group. Vegetable intake was significantly lower in the obese group according to BMI as well as waist circumference. Energy intake from carbohydrate was significantly higher in obese hypertensive patients (p < 0.05). Obese hypertensive patients had a higher risk of nutritional inadequacy compared to normal weight patients. Our results indicated the need for developing interventions that encourage greater consumption of vegetables while cutting down salt intake with wise selection of staple foods, for obese hypertensive patients.

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[English]
Development and Evaluation of Nutrition Education Program for Sodium Reduction in Foodservice Operations: Eun Kyung Shin, Hye Jin Lee, So Yoon Jun, Eun Jung Park, Yun Young Jung, Moon Young Ahn, Yeon Kyung Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(2):216-227. Published online April 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition education program for dietary salt reduction using various nutrition education materials. The effect of a 5-week nutrition education program on salty taste assessment, nutrition knowledge, salt attitude for a high-salt diet, salt content in food, and individual satisfaction with the salt concentration of meals during the education period was evaluated. Nutrition education materials included two animations, a pamphlet, panels, and a website, as well as other training resources. Subjects participating in this study were 335 employees (164 male, 171 female) at 15 foodservice operations in Daegu. Preference for higher levels of salty taste and food containing higher amounts of salt were lowered. Knowledge regarding the necessity for dietary salt reduction was higher (p < 0.001) than before nutrition education, and salt content in a meal was reduced. As the program progressed, average salt concentrations of soups were significantly lowered (p < 0.05), and there was greater satisfaction with the lower concentration (p < 0.001). This was a positive indication of the program's success. In addition, it was found that subjects who participated in the program several times have changed their preference to lower levels of salty taste and have increased their nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Thus, the positive effect of this 5-week nutrition education program developed for, and applied to, foodservice employees, concerning dietary salt reduction was confirmed.

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