Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
Application and the Effect of Nutrition Education Program Based on the Social Cognitive Theory Among Middle School Girls: Jihea Kim, Taejung Woo, Kyoung Ae Lee, Seung Min Lee, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(6):497-508. Published online December 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.6.497

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrition education using materials based on social cognitive theory. Education topics focused on improving health-related and dietary self-awareness and behavior capability in adolescents.
METHODS
Participants were recruited from a middle school for girls; 67 students (educated group, n=34 and control group, n=33) participated. The education group received 12 lessons in club activity class. Self-administered surveys were conducted for each group before and after the nutrition education program. The questionnaires consisted of variables such as self-efficacy, outcome expectation, outcome expectancy, knowledge, and dietary practices based on the social cognitive theory. Education satisfaction was evaluated using a five-point Likert scale for two sections: a) teaching and learning and b) education results. The data were analyzed using a t-test and Chi Square-test (significance level: p < 0.05).
RESULTS
In the education group, post-education, there were significant differences in self-efficacy (p < 0.05), knowledge (p < 0.01), and dietary practices (p < 0.05), whereas outcome expectation and expectancy did not show any significant differences. None of the variables showed any significant differences in the control group. Educational satisfaction scores were 4.38 Â± 0.12 (teaching and learning) and 4.14 Â± 0.15 (education results).
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that improving adolescent's awareness and behavior capability has a positive effect on their dietary practices. Moreover, this study suggested that a theory-based determinant should be considered to improve dietary behavior among adolescents.

Citations

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Awareness and Practice of Sugar Reduction in School Foodservice and the Practice of Nutrition Education in Daegu
Suhyang Jang, Kilye Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(3): 167. CrossRef
Effect of Dietary Education Experience (Home, School, and Mass Media) on Food Consumer Information literacy
Ji Eun Kim, Kyoung Sook Choi
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(5): 363. CrossRef
Factors affecting preference of vegetable in elementary school students: based on social cognitive theory
Su Hyeon Cha, Ho Kyung Ryu
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(3): 285. CrossRef

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[English]
Gender Differences in Adolescents' Dietary Perceptions and Practices: Taejung Woo, Hye Jin Lee, Kyoung Ae Lee, Seung Min Lee, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(2):165-177. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.165

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OBJECTIVES
This study attempted to compare adolescents' dietary behaviors and perceptions by gender in order to recommend useful strategies for nutrition interventions.
METHODS
Subjects were 2,363 middle school (MS) and high school (HS) students. They completed a self-administered questionnaire on their interest in diet and health, dietary perceptions, nutrition knowledge, dietary practices, and dietary environment at home. Data were analyzed using t-test, Ï‡2-test, and simple regression analysis by gender and by school groups.
RESULTS
Overall, girls obtained higher scores than boys did for "interest" (MS: p<0.001; HS: p<0.01), "dietary perceptions" (MS: p<0.001; HS: p<0.01), and "knowledge" (MS: p<0.01; HS: p<0.001). Regarding "dietary practices," no gender differences were observed among MS students, however, among HS students, boys obtained higher scores-reflecting good practices-than girls did (p<0.01). In all subjects, dietary environment at home was strongly associated with dietary practice than other variables (MS boys: Î²=0.435, p<0.001; MS girls: Î²=0.492, p<0.001, HS boys: Î²=0.271, p<0.001; HS girls: Î²=0.429, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
We observed gender differences in some of the variables such as knowledge and perception among adolescent students. Educational programs and core strategies that consider these gender differences need to be developed. Specifically, for girls, educational programs should focus on facilitating dietary recommendation adherence, whereas for boys, the program could focus on improving dietary knowledge and perceptions.

Citations

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Development of evaluation items for adolescents’ dietary habits and nutritional practices reflecting eating behaviors and food environment
Jimin Lim, Hye Ji Seo, Jieun Oh
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(1): 136. CrossRef
Restaurant Meal Delivery and Take-Out Consumption Behavior according to Adolescents’ Food-Related Lifestyles
Yulee Shin, Minsook Kyung, Seonyeong Baek, Sunny Ham
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2021; 31(3): 172. CrossRef
Association between Stress and Nutritional status of High School Students in Chungbuk using Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents
In Young Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 361. CrossRef
Development of NQ-A, Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents, to assess dietary quality and food behavior
Hye-Young Kim, Jung-Sug Lee, Ji-Yun Hwang, Sehyug Kwon, Hae Rang Chung, Tong-Kyung Kwak, Myung-Hee Kang, Young-Sun Choi
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(2): 142. CrossRef
Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Attitudes, and Dietary Behaviors by Gender of High School Students in Incheon
Zolzaya Erdenebileg, So Hyun Park, Su Ji Park, Kyung Ja Chang
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2016; 31(6): 652. CrossRef
Adulterated Food Management Characteristics according to Dietary Lifestyles among Adolescents
Yunhwa Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(6): 509. CrossRef
Application and the Effect of Nutrition Education Program Based on the Social Cognitive Theory Among Middle School Girls
Jihea Kim, Taejung Woo, Kyoung Ae Lee, Seung Min Lee, Kyung-Hea Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2016; 21(6): 497. CrossRef

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[English]
Associations between 24-hour Urine Sodium Excretion Level and Obesity-related Metabolic Risk Factors: Hyun Woo Oh, Hyun Jung Kim, Dae Won Jun, Seung Min Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(6):460-467. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.460

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OBJECTIVES
Excess sodium intake has been linked to obesity and obesity-related indices. However, the scientific evidence for this association is inadequate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between urinary sodium excretion and obesity-related indices among Korean adults.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 120 subjects (60 obese and 60 non-obese subjects) were recruited applying frequency matching for sex and age between two groups. Sodium intake level was assessed through 24-hour urine collection. Obesity-related metabolic risk factors, including fasting blood lipid indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat through computed tomography (CT), insulin resistance indices, blood pressure and liver enzymes were measured in all subjects. These obesity-related metabolic risk factors were compared between obese and non-obese group according to sodium excretion levels (<110 mEq/day, 110~180 mEq/day, >180 mEq/day).
RESULTS
After adjusting for age, gender, health behaviors (smoking, exercise, drinking), and energy intake, several obesity-related metabolic risk factors, including abdominal circumference, body fat percentage, subcutaneous and visceral fat, triglyceride, and systolic blood pressure were found to be significantly deteriorated as the sodium excretion level increases. In addition, multivariate adjusted-odds ratios of abdominal obesity, high blood triglyceride, and high blood pressure were found significantly higher in the highest sodium excretion group compared to the lowest group. The mean number of metabolic syndrome risk factors was also significantly greater in the highest sodium excretion group than in the lowest group.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study findings suggested that high sodium intake can affect obesity and metabolic syndrome risk negatively, implying the necessity of future research on low-sodium diet intervention in relation to obesity and related health problems.

Citations

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Relationship of sodium index with the obesity indicators of university students in Daegu, South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Young-Won Jang, Jian Ma, Yeon-Kyung Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2024; 29(3): 189. CrossRef
Dietary salt intake and kidney function in rural Senegalese populations: a cross-sectional study
Ndongo Modou, Lot Nehemie Motoula Latou, Toure Maimouna, Amadou Diop Dia, Sidy Mohamed Seck
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The association between dietary sodium intake and obesity in adults by sodium intake assessment methods: a review of systematic reviews and re-meta-analysis
Jounghee Lee, Cheongmin Sohn, Oh-Yoen Kim, Young-Min Lee, Mi Ock Yoon, Myoungsook Lee
Nutrition Research and Practice.2023; 17(2): 175. CrossRef
Relationship between urinary sodium-creatinine ratios and insulin resistance in Korean children and adolescents with obesity
So Yoon Han, Nan Hee Kim, Do Hoon Kim, Kyungdo Han, Seon Mee Kim
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.2018; 31(4): 375. CrossRef
Association between Sodium Excretion and Obesity of Adults in Gwangju
Mijin Jo, Young-Ran Heo
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(1): 38. CrossRef
Relationship of sodium consumption with obesity in Korean adults based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2014
Se Young Cheon, Hye Won Wang, Hwa Jung Lee, Kyung Mi Hwang, Hae Seong Yoon, Yoon Jung Kang
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2017; 50(1): 64. CrossRef
Associations of Obesity and Dyslipidemia with Intake of Sodium, Fat, and Sugar among Koreans: a Qualitative Systematic Review
Yoon Jung Kang, Hye Won Wang, Se Young Cheon, Hwa Jung Lee, Kyung Mi Hwang, Hae Seong Yoon
Clinical Nutrition Research.2016; 5(4): 290. CrossRef

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[English]
Clinical Nutrition Services of a Long-term Care Hospital in Korea: Mi Hyang Um, Eun Soon Lyu, Song Mi Lee, Seung Min Lee, Eun Lee, Jin A Cha, Mi Sun Park, Ho Sun Lee, Mi Yong Rha, Yoo Kyoung Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(3):220-235. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.3.220

Abstract PDF PubReader

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to investigate how clinical nutrition services is provided at a long term care hospital in Korea and to investigate job satisfaction levels of the clinical dietitians.
METHODS
Survey questionnaire was sent to dietitians working at a long term care hospital in Korea. The participating hospitals (n=240) were randomly selected from 1,180 long- term care hospitals using a stratified sampling method. A total of 134 long term care hospital s and 223 dietitians completed the survey of clinical nutrition service s and job satisfaction questionnaires The job satisfaction questionnaire included 27 job satisfaction questions on task, stability vision, working conditions, and relationship areas.
RESULTS
The average nutritional screening rate was 17.9% and the rate of computerized nutritional screening system was 9.7% in the participating hospitals. Nutritional intervention rate was only 3.2% of all patients. KOIHA (Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation) accreditated hospitals showed only 50% performance rate of nutrition service evaluation area. This shows that after achieving KOIHA accredition, many hospitals do not emphasize the performance of nutritional services. The job satisfaction scores in all four areas ranged from 2/5 to 3/5, implying generally low job satisfaction level in hospital dietitians. Linear regression analysis results showed that the "hospital adequacy grade" type was a significant predictor of job satisfaction level for two areas (working conditions & relationship).
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need to provide proper standardized clinical nutrition services as a primary treatment and we observed large variations in the quality of nutritional service s in long term care hospitals. Therefore, government and local hospitals have to work on implementing nutritional programs and policies for improved service and care.

Citations

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Importance and Performance of Nutrition Management for In-Patients with Dysphagia Perceived by Dietitians at Clinical Settings in Seoul and Gyeonggi Areas
Kyung-Eun Lee, Dasom Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2019; 29(5): 421. CrossRef
Nutrition Care Management Practices for In-Patients with Dysphagia in Korean Clinical Settings
Dasom Kim, Kyung-Eun Lee
Clinical Nutrition Research.2019; 8(4): 272. CrossRef
Eating Problems and Nutritional Status of Elderly Patients in Long-term Care Hospitals according to Whether They consume Foodservice Meals or Other Meals
Yoo Ri Choi, Eun Young Yoon
Korean Journal of Human Ecology.2017; 26(2): 145. CrossRef
Importance-Performance Analysis of Clinical Nutrition Management in Convalescent Hospitals in the Gyeongnam Area
Seon-Jeon Lee, Eunju Park
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2016; 22(1): 53. CrossRef

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[English]
Intakes of Antioxidant Nutrients and Carotenoids according to Lens Turbidity Level among Adults Visiting Cataract Clinic: Ji Sun Kim, Seung Min Lee, Ja Heon Kang, Hong Seok Ahn; Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(2):205-214. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.205

Abstract PDF PubReader

This study examined intakes of nutrients, carotenoids and polyphenols according to lens turbidity levels among adults visiting a cataract clinic. A total of 102 males and females aged 40 years or higher agreed to participate in the study, and a face-to-face survey interview was conducted to obtain information on general characteristics, health behaviors, and dietary intakes of each participant. The dietary data were collected by a food frequency questionnaire which was previously validated in a Korean population. In addition to essential nutrients, intakes of a total of 10 carotenoids and polyphenols were calculated based on the tables of food functional composition developed by National Academy of Agricultural Science. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to turbidity levels (< 16, > or = 16 and < 25, < or = 25), and health behaviors and dietary intakes were compared among the turbidity groups. Data showed seemingly higher energy intake and lower dietary antioxidant (i.e., vitamin A, beta-carotene, lutein, zeazanthin, lycopene, cryptozanthin) intakes in the highest turbidity group. However, no statistically significant findings were found in all the comparative analysis on characteristics of health behavior and intakes of nutrients, carotenoids and polyphenols. The current study findings should be cautiously interpreted in consideration of several limitations including a cross-sectional study design, a small sample size, uneven sample size distribution across turbidity groups, and limited generalizability due to using a convenience sample. Therefore we cannot conclude that the risk of cataract is unrelated with dietary antioxidant intakes based solely on the results of this study.

Citations

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An Analysis on the Quality of Hand-Washing and Practice Related to Eye Health Care of Adults
Jeong gu Sim, Ki hun Ye, O hyun Kwon, Se jin Kim
Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society.2018; 23(3): 173. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of food intake according to the family type of elderly women in Seoul area
Yeon Joo Lee, Min Kyung Kwon, Hee Joon Baek, Sang Sun Lee
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(3): 277. CrossRef
Nutrition Status of Elderly Female Patients in Long-term Care Hospital according to Meal Types and Eating Ability
Hyejin Ahn, Juhee Kang, Hongmie Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(2): 187. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Center for Child-Care Foodservice Management for Menu Management and Dietary Variety
Hye-Young Kim, Il-Sun Yang, In-Sook Chae, Bo-Sook Yi, Moon-Kyung Park, Ha-Young Kim, Tae-Seok Kang, Dong-Gil Leem, Jin-Ha Lee, Hae-Young Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(3): 243. CrossRef
Evaluation of Nutrient Intake and Anthropometric Parameters related to Obesity in Korean Female Adolescents according to Dietary Diversity Score: From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007-2009
Yun-Jung Bae
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(4): 419. CrossRef
A comparison of food frequency for the elderly regarding different family types - Based on Community Health Survey for 2008 -
Song Kyoung Shin, Hyun-Ja Kim, Bo-Youl Choi, Sang Sun Lee
Korean Journal of Nutrition.2012; 45(3): 264. CrossRef
A Study on Customized Nutrition Intervention Program Design and Application for the Low-Income Elderly
Do Hyun Joo, Youngmee Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2011; 16(6): 716. CrossRef

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[English]
Major Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Socio-Demographic, Psychological and Physical Factors Among Generally Healthy Korean Middle-Aged Women: Seung Min Lee, A Rim Oh, Hong Seok Ahn; Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(3):439-452. Published online June 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns of generally healthy Korean middle-aged women and to examine associations of the dietary patterns with socio-demographic, psychological, and physical characteristics. Data were drawn from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which is an ongoing national surveillance system. Healthy female subjects aged 40-64 years and provided the health interview examination and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were included. We conducted factor analysis based on daily mean intake frequency of 26 food groups and identified 3 major dietary patterns, healthy, convenient, and alcoholanimal. The healthy pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fish, seafood, poultry, mushroom, seaweed, vegetable, tomato, potato, and fruit, the convenient pattern by processed meat and fish, ramen, noodle and rice cake, sweet snack, egg, bread, and fast food, and the alcohol-animal pattern by alcohol, poultry, meat, and fish. The healthy pattern was significantly related with higher socio-economic status, more stable family structure, healthier mentality, and sounder status of anthropometric and biochemical variables. Those with higher factor scores for the convenience pattern were found to be younger and having higher socio-economic status, higher subjective levels of health, and lower subjective levels of worry on health. Several physical characteristics significantly improved as the levels of the convenience pattern increased. The alcohol-animal pattern was significantly associated with several socio-demographic characteristics including a low education level, a young age, a small family size, and blue-collar jobs. Public health policy makers can utilize the study findings to select prior target populations with higher needs and to tailor dietary behavioral messages to lower chronic disease risks among Korean middle-aged women.

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[English]
Dietary and Non-dietary Factors Related to Bone Mineral Density in Female College Students: Ji Hye Lim, Hyun Sook Bae, Seung Min Lee, Hong Seok Ahn; Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(3):418-425. Published online June 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary and nondietary factors in female college students. The BMD of the subjects (n = 38) was measured using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) at lumbar spine and three femoral sites including femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter. Three-day 24-hour dietary recall data were collected from each subject to assess consumption levels of nutrients and food groups. The mean (+/- SD) values of age, age of menarche, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, and % body fat of the subjects were 21.34 (+/- 1.73) years, 13.1 (+/- 1.2) years, 161.3 (+/- 5.0) cm, 53.7 (+/- 7.2) kg, 20.6 (+/- 2.6) kg/m2, 0.80 (+/- 0.04), 15.4 (+/- 4.4) kg, and 28.2 (+/- 4.7), respectively. The BMD values of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter as T-value were 1.150 +/- 0.13 g/cm2, 0.932 +/- 0.11 g/cm2, 0.850 +/- 0.13 g/cm2, and 0.721 +/- 0.10 g/cm2, respectively. The daily mean energy intake of the subjects was 1660.6 kcal. The intake levels of carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid were lower than the KDRIs, while those of fat, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin B6 were higher than the KDRIs. Significantly negative correlation were detected between consumption of fat and oils and the BMD of all sites measured (p < 0.05). Potato and starch intake was negatively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck and word's triangle (p < 0.05). The intake of cereals was found to be negatively correlated to the BMD of ward's triangle (p < 0.05). There was also negative correlation of intake of soybeans and products with the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated to the BMD of both lumbar spine and femurs (p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations between BMI, and fat mass and the BMD of lumbar spine were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally fat mass was positively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck. WHR and % body fat were positively correlated to the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Negative correlation was found between a serum calcium level and the BMD of femoral neck (p < 0.05). In summary non-dietary factors generally showed significant correlations with the BMD of lumbar spine, while several dietary factors showed significant correlations with the BMD of femurs.

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