Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

[English]
A Comparison of Dietary Habits, Weight Control Behaviors, Eating Disorder Risk, and Depression of Middle School Girls according to Various Stages of Dieting: Aekyung Jung, Hyunsuk Ryu, Kyunghee Song, Hongmie Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(3):178-187. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.3.178

OBJECTIVES
This study was conducted to compare dietary habits, weight control behaviors, eating disorder risk and depression among middle school girls who were at various stages of dieting.
METHODS
Subjects were 391 girls attending a middle school in Kyeonggido, Korea. All the information was gathered by self-administered questionnaires. Eating disorder risk and depression were assessed using EAT-26 and PHQ-9, respectively. Data were compared among 4 groups; no interest in a diet (N=112), had experienced dieting (N=86), on diet currently (N=71), and plan to diet (N=122).
RESULTS
A higher number of students currently on diet tended to be unsatisfied with their own weight (p < 0.01), overestimated their weight (p < 0.05), and weighed own body frequently (p < 0.001), compared to those with only experienced dieting in the past or those who plan to diet, despite similar weights and body mass index. The students who experienced dieting in the past or those who plan to diet appeared to have several undesirable as well as desirable dietary habits and their risk of eating disorder was significantly more prevalent compared to those without an interest in dieting (p < 0.01), although significantly less prevalent compared to those currently on a diet.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that unnecessary dieting is common among middle school girls and providing proper education with regard to healthy weights is needed to enhance their physical as well as psychological wellbeing.

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[English]
Wanting Extremely Low BMI May be Associated with Higher Depression and Undesirable Dietary Habits in High School Girls Who were Not Overweight: Hyeyoung Park, Hongmie Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(4):344-353. Published online August 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.4.344

Abstract PDF PubReader

The widespread pursuit for the thin physique may have detrimental impact on the wellbeing of the young generation, especially females. This study aimed to determine the effect of wanting very low body weight on dietary habits and psychological factors of female adolescents. Participants were 619 girls from 5 high schools in Kyeonggi, Korea. Information on dietary behaviors, psychological factors as well as current heights and weights and the desired weight for current height were obtained by questionnaire. Of total subjects, 38.1%, 35.5%, and 26.5% desired weights corresponding to normal (10~85 percentile), low (3~10 percentile) and very low BMI (< 3 percentile), respectively. The subjects who wanted to be very low weight had the average BMI of 18.57 kg/m2, which was significantly lower than 21.21 kg/m2 of those who wanted to be normal weight (p < 0.001). The subjects who desired very low weight had significantly higher scores for depression symptoms (p < 0.05), while there were no differences in obsession to lose weight and obesity stress. Moreover, more subjects in this group had undesirable dietary habits such as eating fast foods more than weekly (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the desire for extreme thinness may lead female adolescents to have not only unreasonably similar obesity stress and obsession to lose weight but also higher depression symptoms, along with undesirable dietary habits. The findings suggest the potential harm from excessive weight concerns of female adolescents; thus efforts to teach this group about healthy weights are urgently needed.

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Body Image Perception and Eating Behaviors among Male Middle and High School Students according to Weight Status in Seoul
Bo-Mi Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2018; 28(2): 123. CrossRef
Agreement Between Actual and Perceived Body Weight in Adolescents and Their Weight Control Behaviors
Sun Mi Shin
Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2017; 26(2): 138. CrossRef
Body Image Perception, Eating Disorder Risk, and Depression Level according to Dieting Experience of Female High School Students in Seoul
Jisun Min, Kyunghee Song, Hongmie Lee
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2016; 22(4): 241. CrossRef
The Associations between Discordance of Body Image and Physical Activities among Adults Aged 19 to 64 Years: Based on the Data from 2010 Community Health Survey
In Ae Chun, So Yeon Ryu, Jong Park, Mi Ah Han, Seong Woo Choi, Dae Sik Ko
The Korean Journal of Obesity.2014; 23(4): 274. CrossRef

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[English]
A Comparative Study on Eating Habits and Eating Attitude of Depressed and Normal Adults : Based on 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Ji won Lee, Seong Ai Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(5):548-558. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.5.548

Abstract PDF PubReader

The purpose of this study was to compare eating habits and food attitudes between depressed and normal adults. The subjects were selected (n = 6217) from those who participated in the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). The subjects were divided into the depressed (DG, n = 841) and normal groups (NG, n = 3969). DG was those who have depression now or who have experienced depressing feelings more than two weeks or per year. The general characteristics, anthropometric measurement, eating habits, the dietary guideline recognition and practices were compared by using chi-square test and t-test. Also the partial correlations were analyzed by SAS (Statistical analysis system, version 9.1) program. There was a significantly higher rate of DG among the female (74.32%), with low education (44.6%) and low-income (32.0%) subjects (p < 0.001). DG showed significantly lower snacking and dining out. There was significantly higher rate of DG who responded "none" in frequency of snack (27.10%) and dining out (29.50%) (p < 0.001). Also DG showed significantly lower rate of the subjects who ate with the family than NG. Also, DG showed significantly lower dietary guideline recognition level and practice than NG. Correlation between depression symptom and various factors showed that positive correlation with low snack intake and dining out frequencies. However, correlation was relatively weak. In conclusion, eating habits and recognition levels and practice of dietary guidelines of DG were significantly different from NG. DG showed significantly lower frequencies of snack, dining out, and eating with family.

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Relation between depression and dietary practice among middle-aged women: mediating effect of emotional eating
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Relation between depression and dietary practice among middle-aged women: mediating effect of emotional eating
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Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(1): 86. CrossRef
Association between depression and eating behavior factors in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2018
EunJung Lee, Ji-Myung Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(2): 152. CrossRef
Relationship among Health Interest, Depression and Dietary Habits of College Students according to Sex in Seoul and Gyeonggi Areas
Kyung Ae Park, Jiwon Kim, Onjeong Cho, Kyunghee Song
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2021; 31(4): 213. CrossRef
Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by perceived anxiety and depressive condition: data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 ~ 2015
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Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(1): 58. CrossRef
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Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2019; 36(2): 65. CrossRef
A comparative study of dietary habits and nutritional intakes among Korean adults according to current depression status
Yuri Seo, Youjin Je
Asia-Pacific Psychiatry.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationships between obesity, blood and urinary compositions, and dietary habits and depressed mood in Koreans at the age of 40, a life transition period
Ji Eun Chu, Ji Min Lee, Han-Ik Cho, Yoon Jung Park
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013; 46(3): 261. CrossRef

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[English]
Study on Stress, Depression, Binge Eating, and Food Behavior of High School Girls Based on Their BMI: Ji eun Park, Sung joo Kim, Ryowon Choue; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(2):175-181. Published online April 30, 2009

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of stress, depression, binge eating and food behavior of high school girls with their degree of BMI. One hundred twenty high school girls from the Seoul metropolitan area participated in this study. Self-administrated questionnaires to search for degree of stress, depression, binge eating, and food behavior were distributed. Anthropometric assessment was carried out to calculate the body mass index (BMI). The results are as follows: The mean of age and BMI of the subjects were 17.6 +/- 0.6 years and 21.0 +/- 2.9 kg/m2 (ranged from 15.4 to 31.7 kg/m2), respectively. 16.7%, 65.8% and 17.5% of the subjects were classified as under weight, normal weight and overweight, respectively. The average scores of stress, depression and binge eating were 124.9 +/- 31.4, 15.2 +/- 9.8, 29.5 +/- 7.8 points, respectively. The food behavior score was 11.5 +/- 2.4 points. Their degree of stress, depression, binge eating was significantly higher in overweight high school girls compared to underweight or normal weight high school girls. There were significant correlations of BMI with stress (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.001), and binge eating (P < 0.01). Also there were significant correlations of food behavior with stress (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.05) and binge eating (P < 0.001). These results indicate that the high school girls who have higher BMI seem to have more stress, depression, and binge eating habits. Also the high school girls who have more stress, depression and binge eating habits have poor food behaviors. Therefore proper control of emotions is required to maintain desirable food behaviors in high school girls.

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[English]
Depression and Dietary Factors Related to Hyperlipidemia in Urban Living Elderly Female from Low Income Group: Sook Mee Son, Jin Kyung Park, Hong Sup Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(6):938-950. Published online December 31, 2003

Abstract PDF: We conducted a case-control study to examine the relationship of depression and dietary related factors with the hyperlipidemia for urban living elderly women from low income group. The case group consisted of 45 elderly females with hyperlipidemia (serum cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dl or serum TG > or = 250 mg/dl) and the control group of 95 age matched elderly women with serum cholesterol levels less than 240 mg/dl and serum TG less than 250 mg/dl. In a univariate analysis, vitamin C intake, the number of family members living with the subject, and their depression scores were significantly higher in the hyperlipidemic group than in the control group. In the logistic regression analysis, the vitamin C intake (> or = 75% Korean RDA), the number of family members living with the subject (> or = 1), depression scores (> or = 7), BMI (> or = 27), and subscapular skinfold thickness (> or = 18 mm) were associated with significantly higher (p < 0.05) risks of hyperlipidemia in the elderly women. However after adjustment for other covariables, the depression scores (Odds Ratio 2.48 for depression score > or = 7 ; 95%CI : 1.10 - 5.60) and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (Odds Ratio 5.69 for SBT > or = 18 mm ; 95%CI : 1.87 - 17.32) were the significant risk factors associated with hyperlipidemia in the elderly women.

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[English]
The Dietary Behaviors, Depression Rates and Nutrient Intakes of the Elderly Females Living Alone: Jin Kyung Park, Sook Mee Son; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(5):716-725. Published online October 31, 2003

Abstract PDF: In this study, the dietary behaviors, depression rates and nutrient intakes were assessed for elderly females living alone (ELA) and elderly females not living alone (ENLA). The subjects were 140 elderly females (living alone 70; not living alone 70) residing in Bucheon city. Dietary data were obtained using the 24-hr recall method. There were more subjects with low monthly incomes (less than 500,000 won) in the ELA group. The proportion of the ELA group which skipped at least one meal per day was 38.5% and the main reasons given were low appetite and depression. Fewer of the ELA group were observed to have smoking and drinking habits. However, the majority of the ELA smokers smoked more than 6 cigarettes per smoking. The drinking score of the ELA group was also higher than that of the ENLA group. The total score of depression for the ELA group was higher than that of the ENLA group. The total score of nutrition risk index (NRI) of the ELA group (8.09) was also higher than that of the ENLA group (2.31). The dietary assessment using the 24 hr-recall method showed that the ELA group had lower nutrients intakes, and significant differences were shown in the intakes of energy (1137 kcal vs 1275 kcal), animal protein, animal fat, carbohydrates, animal Ca, and animal Fe. There was a positive correlation between the NRI and the depression scores. However a higher NRI was associated with lower intakes for most of the nutrients in the ELA group.

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[English]
Effect of Ca Supplementation on Serum Ca Level and Psychological Conditions in Perimenopausal Women: Soon Myung Hong, Hyun Joo Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2001;6(4):628-634. Published online October 31, 2001

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of serum calcium and magnesium level to depression and anxiety symptoms in 66 perimenopausal women. Daily nutrient intakes and dietary sources of calcium were analyzed by convenient method. General status was conducted by a questionnaire whereas the questionnaire of CED-S(the Center for Epidemiological studies-Depression Scale) was used for depression and Spielburger's STAI-S(state-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State) was used for anxiety. Fasting blood samples were collected, and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were measured before and after calcium supplementation. The age distribution of the subjects was 49-55 years. Results indicated that serum calcium concentrations were significantly(P<0.05) increased to normal ranges after calcium supplementation. Depression and anxiety scores of the subjects with calcium supplementation were significantly(p<0.05) lower than those before calcium supplementation. There were significantly(P<0.05) decreased between serum magnesium concentration and depression and anxiety scores, but calcium concentration was not significantly decreased. These results suggest that psychological conditions of perimenopausal women are possibly effected by serum calcium and magnesium levels. More studies are needed to measure the long-term effects of calcium supplementation on psychological conditions in perimenopausal women.

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[English]
Drug Consumption and Nutritional Status of the Elderly in Chung-buk Area: III. Psychological Effect on Drug Consumption and Nutritional Status: Dong Yean Park, Kyung Hee Hanm, Ki Nam Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 1998;3(2):245-260. Published online May 31, 1998

Abstract PDF: The influences of depression and health anxieth on the elderly's drug use and nutritional status were evaluated by interviews with questionaire from August to October in 1996. One hundred and thirty-one male and 231 female elderly in Chung-buk area were the sample for this study. Men's depression score was 22.3 and 25.2 for women, respectively out of 27. Women showed a significantly higher score for depression and health anxiety than men. Gender, age, marital status, number of family, education, income, medical insurance, and mobility and region significantly affected the health anxiety score. The higher depression score the elderly had, the more frequently they took drugs. Conversely. the higher depression score the elderly had, the less frequently they took nutritional supplements. For women, the higher depression score the elderly had, the more they smoked. More depressed elderly showed a significantly smaller BMI compared to the less depressed ones. A negative correlationship existed between the depression score and the elderly's nutrient intakes, especially energy intake which showed a significant negative correlation. There were no significant differences between health anxiety score and nutrient intakes of men. Women who had a higher health anxiety score consumed more energy significantly. The depression score did not affect the elderly's blood biochemical indices. Women who had a low health anxiety score showed a significantly higher HDL-C level.

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