Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

[English]
Development of Nutrition Education Contents for Pregnant Women Based on Effective Communication Strategies: Taeksang Yoo, Young Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taisun Hyun; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(2):115-126. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.115

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop communication strategies for effective nutrition education targeting pregnant women and to create nutrition education contents.
METHODS
The format and the contents of online resources on nutrition information for pregnant women provided by reliable institutions were analyzed. Possible solutions to overcome barriers of nutrition education as well as communication strategies for effective nutrition education were identified by a brainstorming process. Based on the communication strategies, contents for nutrition education were created. Understandability, level of interest, applicability to daily life, harmony of text and illustration, and overall satisfaction of the contents were evaluated by dietitians and pregnant women.
RESULTS
The four communication strategies were developed; (1) to focus on a few important messages, (2) to provide evidence-based information, (3) to create illustrations or infographics with a minimum amount of text, and (4) to provide tips on how to improve the current diet options. Based on these strategies, the contents were focused on three important nutrients for pregnant women, folate, iron, and calcium. The percentages of the recommended nutrient intakes of the three nutrients on selected menu and its improved version by adding a dish or changing a dish into another dish were calculated and provided. Finally, the contents were delivered as illustrations with a minimum amount of text. Overall, dietitians and pregnant women were satisfied with the contents.
CONCLUSIONS
The contents developed in this study can be used in a pamphlet or a pregnancy diary, or can be shared in social networking services. Further contents on other nutrients and various menu are expected to be developed using these communication strategies.

Citations

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Development of Education Materials as a Card News Format for Nutrition Management of Pregnant and Lactating Women
Young-Hee Han, Jung Hyun Kim, Min Jun Lee, Taeksang Yoo, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(3): 248. CrossRef

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[English]
Development and Evaluation of the Semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire to Assess Folate Intake in Women of Child-bearing Age: Bo Ram Han, Hyun Sook Bae; Korean J Community Nutr 2012;17(2):156-166. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.156

Abstract PDF PubReader

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the simple semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing folate intake in women of reproductive age. We developed a 30-item FFQ, and tested the reliability and validity in 97 women aged between 20 and 39 yrs using the FFQs and 24-h recalls, which were carried out twice, respectively. Assessing the reliability, the correlation coefficients were 0.53 (Spearman's) and 0.49 (Pearson's) for folate. There was no significant difference of folate intake between FFQ1 and FFQ2. 36.1% subjects were classified into the same quartile and 83.5% into the same or adjacent quartile divided by folate intake. On determining the validity, the mean folate intake obtained from the FFQ (FFQ1) and 24h-recalls (2-d) were 306.6 +/- 167.2 microg/d and 326.9 +/- 103.3 microg/d, respectively. There was no significant difference between folate intakes from the two methods. The correlation coefficients for folate were 0.24 (Spearman's) and 0.26 (Pearson's). 39.2% of the subjects were categorized into the same quartile and 70.1% were into the same or adjacent quartile. In addition, sensitivity (64.3%) and specificity (62.3%) were estimated to evaluate the adequacy of folate intake. These results suggest that this FFQ would be a useful and a valuable instrument to assess the intake of folate among the Korean women of child-bearing age.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development and application of the sodium index to estimate and assess sodium intake for Korean adults
Yeon-Kyung Lee, Taisun Hyun, Heekyong Ro, Young-Ran Heo, Mi-Kyeong Choi
Nutrition Research and Practice.2022; 16(3): 366. CrossRef
Dietary Habits and Nutritional Status of Young Women according to Breakfast Frequency in Seoul
Da-Mee Kim, Youl-Ri Kim, Kyung-Hee Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2018; 23(2): 102. CrossRef
Development of a Questionnaire for Dietary Habit Survey of Korean Adults
Jin Suk Jo, Ki Nam Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(3): 258. CrossRef

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[English]
Seasonal Difference of Nutrient Intake, Serum Lipid and Antioxidative Index in Female College Students: Young Sook Ko, Hong Seok Ahn; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(2):142-149. Published online April 30, 2007

Abstract PDF: To evaluate the seasonal differences of nutrient intake and serum biochemical indices (total cholesterol, HDL-, LDLcholesterol, TG, MDA:malondialdehyde, TAS : total antioxidant status, folate) in Korean college women with a mean age of 20.15y, this study was conducted twice: once in winter and a second time in summer. Anthropometric assessment was also measured in the two seasons. As a result, body fat mass (p < 0.05), body fat% (p < 0.05), and abdominal fat% (p < 0.01) in the summer were significantly lower than those in winter. Intake of fat (p < 0.05), polyunsaturated fatty acid (p < 0.01), zinc (p < 0.05), and vitamin E (p < 0.05) were at significantly higher levels in the summer period compared with the winter period. In addition, nutrients with an intake level less than 75% RI of KDRIs were folate in winter and calcium, and folate in the summer. Total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol in summer, according to lipid profiles, were significantly lower than those in winter. Although MDA, one of the products of lipid peroxidation, remained unchanged, TAS was significantly higher in summer than in winter. The level of folate in summer showed significantly lower than that in winter. The present study suggests that nutrient intake of college women women differs according to the seasons and anthropometric indices and serum biochemical indexes were associated with seasons. Thus nutritional education programs on the basis of season are needed for college women.

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[English]
Plasma Total Homocysteine, Folate and Vitamin B12 Concentrations in Patients with Coronary Stenosis: Hyeon Sook Lim, Young Ran Heo; Korean J Community Nutr 2005;10(6):963-970. Published online December 31, 2005

Abstract PDF: Recently elevated plasma homocysteine concentration is considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and thrombosis with coronary artery disease. Folate and vitamin B12 are cofactors and closely related with metabolism of homocysteine. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between homocysteine and folate and vitamin B12 in patients with ischemic heart disease. Twenty-six patients, in whom coronary angiographic finding revealed more than 50% of stenosis at least in one coronary vessel were enrolled as the patient group, and thirty subjects, in whom angiographic finding revealed in not significant stenosis, but complained of chest pain, were selected as the control group. Fasting venous blood was obtained and measured the concentration of plasma total homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 by high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection method. We examined the correlation between homocysteine and folate and/or vitamin B12 in the control group and the patient group, respectively. Compared with the control group, the patient group had relatively higher plasma total homocysteine concentration (10.7 +/- 4.2 vs 9.6 +/- 3.5 umol/L), but showed no significant difference. Folate and vitamin B12 concentration are low in the patient group, but showed no significant difference between patient and control group. Plasma total homocysteine concentration showed negative correlation with folate and vitamin B12 in both the control group and the patient group, and showed significantly negative correlation in patient group {r = -0.550 (p<0.01) vs r = -0.609 (p<0.01)}. We knew that the plasma total homocysteine concentration were relatively elevated in patient group compared with the control group. Because plasma total homocysteine concentrations are closely negative correlated with folate and vitamin B12 in the patient group, folate and vitamin B12 supplement can lower the mortality and morbidity of ischemic heart disease.

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[English]
A Change of Serum Folate and Vitamin B12 Concentrations of Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood during Pregnancy: Geum Ju Lee, Hey Mi Jang, Hong Seok Ahn; Korean J Community Nutr 2005;10(5):615-622. Published online October 31, 2005

Abstract PDF: Folate and Vitamin B12 are essential nutrients important during pregnancy. This study was conducted to evaluate the folate and vitamin B12 nutritional status of Korean pregnant women and to investigate the relationship between maternal-umbilical cord serum folate and vitamin B12 levels and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary intakes of the pregnant women were estimated by 24 hour-recall (3 times). Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels in maternal blood and umbilical cord of 27 pregnant women at 1'st-, 2'nd-, 3'rd- trimester and delivery were measured by RIA (radioimmuno assay), respectively. Means of folate and vitamin B12 intake were 283.53 +/- 58.01 microgram/day and 2.99 +/- 1.32 mg/day, respectively. Maternal mean serum folate levels of the trimester and delivery were 9.75 +/- 3.60 ng/ml, 10.46 +/- 4.63 ng/ml, 10.71 +/- 4.14 ng/ml and 15.05 +/- 7.04 ng/ml. Those maternal levels were significantly lower than that of umbilical cord blood (23.99 +/- 9.42 ng/ml). Serum vitamin B12 levels of maternal trimester and delivery were 479.07 +/- 137.56 pg/ml, 310.96 +/- 137.56 pg/ml, 308.22 +/- 74.65 pg/ml, and 295.67 +/- 93.36 pg/ml, which were significantly lower than those of umbilical cord blood (500.13 +/- 185.60 ng/ml). This finding indicates that the uptake of folate and vitamin B12 in the fetus may be due to an active placental transport mechanism. Maternal serum level correlated positively with those of umbilical cord blood, showing that folate and vitamin B12 concentration of umbilical cord blood might be affected by maternal status. There was no significant correlation between the serum folate levels in maternal-umbilical cord blood and the pregnancy outcomes. However, maternal vitamin B12 level at 1'st trimester was significant positive correlation between the gestational age except for birth weight and weight gain.

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[English]
The Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins Supplementation on Blood Pressure, Plasma Lipids, Folate, and Homocysteine Levels in Smokers and Non-Smokers of College Students in the Gyeonggi Area: Su Ra Kim, Hye Sun Min, Ae Wha Ha, Hwa Jin Hyun, Kyung Hee Song; Korean J Community Nutr 2004;9(4):472-482. Published online August 31, 2004

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to investigate the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on blood pressure, plasma lipids, folate, and homocysteine levels in smokers and non-smokersof college male students in Gyeonggi Area. The nutrient intakes were determined by a 24hr-recall method. The subjects were divided into six groups: vitamin C supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), vitamin C and E supplementation group (n: smokers = 10, nonsmokers = 10), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smokers and nonsmokers in terms of anthropometric measurements. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in smokers than that of non-smokers. There was no significant difference in energy and other nutrients intakes between smokers and non-smokers. In plasma lipids levels, smokers had higher plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol concentration than that of non-smokers (p < 0.05). HDL-cholesterol level of smokers had a tendency to be lower than that of nonsmokers. In smokers, AI, TPH, LPH were significantly higher than that of non-smokers (p < 0.01). Plasma folate, homocysteine levels were not significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in smokers: In vitamin C supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.01) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). In vitamin E supplementation group, HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.05). In vitamin C and E supplementation group, LPH was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The effect of antioxidant vitamins supplementation in non-smokers: HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) and AI, TPH, LPH were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) by vitamin C supplementation group. Plasma homocysteine level was decreased by vitamin E supplementation group in non-smokers p < 0.01). The results of this study showed that smoking had a tendency to increase plasma lipids levels that factor into the risk of coronary heart disease. It is considered that antioxidant vitamin supplementation in smokers had a tendency to decrease cardiovascular disease than in nonsmokers.

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[English]
A Longitudinal Study on Maternal Iron and Folate Status During and After Pregnancy in Korean Women: Jong Im Lee, Hyeon Sook Lim; Korean J Community Nutr 2001;6(2):182-191. Published online May 31, 2001

Abstract PDF: Anemia in women during pregnancy and after delivery has been known to affect the mother, the fetus, and the infant's growth and health status. Studies examining, changes in iron and folate status associated with anemia during pregnancy and during pregnancy, and those supplements are stopped after postpartum. However, the effects of those have not been clearly determined in pregnant and lactating Korea women. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the changes in maternal iron and folate status during pregnancy and six months after delivery longitudinally in six pregnant women who consumed supplements from 20 wk to delivery. We concluded that the iron status deteriorated during pregnancy and especially was weak in the third trimester, but had a tendency to recovery after delivery. On the other hand, the folate status deteriorated in the first and second trimester and was good in the third trimester, but had a tendency to decrease after delivery. These results suggested that the iron status was not improved despite consuming total iron supplements of 50 mg/day through diets and supplements during the second half of the pregnancy. On the other hand, the folate status improved at the end of pregnancy by consuming folate supplements of a total of 800 mg/day through diets and supplements. However, folate status was poor in the first half of the pregnancy, and the tendency of folate status to decrease during postpartum was advanced. At the point in which iron and therefore supplementation is essential. However, the effects of supplement intake time and intake dosage need to be verified and the nutritional status changes of postpartum women should be carefully monitored.

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[English]
Blood Folate Level Determined by a Microplate Reader and Folate Intake Measured by a Weighted Food Record: Taisun Hyun, Young Hee Han, Eun Young Lim; Korean J Community Nutr 1999;4(4):512-520. Published online December 31, 1999

Abstract PDF: Microbiological method using a 96-well microplate reader for folate assay was established, and folate intake and blood folate concentrations of 23 female college students were assessed. To evaluate folate intake, dietary data were collected by a 3-day weight food record, and serum and RBC folate concentrations were measured by the new method. The coefficient of variation for the new method was less than 10%. Mean daily folate intake of the subjects was 126.7ug which is only 50.7% of the RDA. The mean concentrations of serum and RBC folate were 7.46ng/ml and 294.4ng/ml, respectively, which were within the normal range. These results indicate that folate intake seems to be underestimated due to incomplete food composition database. Therefore, folate database should be appropriately in order to asses folate intake accurately.

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