Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
Development of Program Based on the Website for Individual Meal Planning: Jung Mi Kim, Soo Kyong Choi, Jung Sook Seo; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(1):31-42. Published online February 28, 2009

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to develop the website-based program for individual meal planning. The program consisted of the basic information of clients, dietary habits, analysis of nutrient intakes and menu planning. The first part of the program consisted of general information such as general characteristics and anthropometric data of clients. The second part was designed to investigate the dietary habits, food intake frequency, nutrition knowledge, and drinking and smoking habits of the clients. The third part consisted of analysis of nutrient intakes including three major nutrients, calorie intake by foods and alcohol, and ratio of individual fatty acid intake. Nutrient intakes was evaluated by comparing with dietary reference intakes. In the final part, the program included the menu planning by using standard recipe. This system was also designed to insert, remove or change the food items or amount according to the user need. It is expected that the development of a meal planning system based on the internet can facilitate the professional dietary counseling, and thus help to improve the health of people.

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[English]
Needs Assessment for Developing a Nutrition Information Site for Elementary School Children Among Elementary School Dietitians: Yun Ahn, Hyungmee Kim, Jung Sook Seo, Eun Young Yoon, Hyun Joo Bae, Kyungwon Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(4):405-416. Published online August 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: This study was to examine the needs among elementary school dietitians (n = 115) for developing a nutrition information internet site for children. A survey questionnaire included general characteristics, internet use regarding health and nutrition information, and needs for developing a nutrition information site. The mean age of the subjects was 36.2 years. The higher working experience group (> 10 years of working as dieticians) had higher mean age (p < 0.001), had a larger number of enrolled students at school (p < 0.01) and the number of those receiving school lunch (p < 0.01) than the counterparts (< or = 10 years group). Sources of health and nutrition information were mainly PC/internet (60.4%) and seminar (14.4%). About 95% used health or nutrition information using the internet, however, the majority of users (71.6%) used internet information only when they needed it. Major reasons for using internet information was 'to get nutrition education materials' (63.8%) and 'to obtain general nutrition information' (21%). One third of the subjects were satisfied with nutrition information internet sites; major problems with internet sites were 'lack of content' (38.9%) and 'lack of practical information' (33%). These characteristics regarding internet use were not different between work experience groups. Major problems with nutrition education were 'lack of nutrition educational materials' (41.1%) and 'lack of nutrition education skills' (32.1%). These were significantly different between the work experience groups (p < 0.01). Subjects preferred CD/ internet to leaflet/booklet as nutrition educational materials. In developing nutrition sites for children, subjects wanted topics such as obesity assessment, dietary assessment, and obesity. Subjects responded that contents of nutrition information should be 'suitable to the children's knowledge levels' (31.1%), 'interesting enough by including quizzes, games and songs' (27.8%), 'inserting many illustrations/icons' (16.3%). In terms of designing internet sites for children, they wanted that internet sites should 'be easy enough to find the sites' (29.2%), 'use illustrations and characters' (24.8%), 'use communication channels such as Q&A' (18.7%). Needs for developing internet sites for children were not different by the work experience group. This study suggests that web sites for children should be carefully developed considering the contents and design, have less information with more illustrations, designed to induce the interest of children, as well as including sections such as eating habit assessment and games.

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[English]
The Status of the Utilization Internet and Dietary Information by Elementary School Dietitians in the Gyeongnam and Jeonbuk Areas: Eun Sil Her, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(4):595-602. Published online August 31, 2003

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the status of the utilization of internet and dietary information by elementary school dietitians (total=201) The results were summarized as follows: All subjects used the internet regularly and the major purpose they mentioned for using it was "data search" (72.3%). Those having a frequency of using the internet 6 to 7 times per week were 46.7% of the subjects and the majority indicated the duration of their use of the internet was "<2 hours" (68.5%). They mainly used the internet at "school" (81.8%), and their favorite search engines were "Daum" (41.1%) and "Yahoo" (34.7%). They stated that the organization that offered reliable internet information were those "related to society and organizations" (36.9%) and "educational institutions" (33.8%). Ninety-five percent of the subjects searched for dietary information mainly "for public affairs" (80.0%) Their degree of satisfaction when searching for information was high (78.7%). Those dissatisfied with internet sites when searching for dietary information give the following reasons: "poor information" (39.1%) and "slow updates" (25.4%). They acquired information on nutrition and health management mainly through "the internet" (63.6%) The most frequently requested information about public affairs was on "Materials for nutritional education" (38.6%) and "up-to-date nutritional information" (16.0%) . The desirable update periods for websites was "1-3 months" (51.8%) and "<1 month" (30.6%), and the favorite site colors were "blue" (37.8%) and "green" (37.8%). The results of this study showed that, although the internet usage was high, the dietitians were dissatisfied with the information obtained. Therefore, the information donors should find out what kind of dietary information is needed by elementary school dietitians.

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[English]
Development of a Nutrition Education Website for Children: Taisun Hyun, Miyong Yon, Sun Hee Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Suk Mi An, Sun Mi Lee, Hyun Jung Chi, Myeong Hee Sun, Chun Hwa Oh, Seon Hee Wang, Mi Kyung Hong; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(3):259-269. Published online June 30, 2003

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to develop a nutrition education website for children, especially those around the 4th-6th grade levels. Among the already existing websites providing nutritional information for children, 7 websites with comparable amounts of information were evaluated in terms of their topics, credibility, content, ease of use, and aesthetics. In addition, a survey was conducted to assess the need for nutrition information among 305 elementary students. The food pyramid was the topic offered most often on those websites. Information on nutrients, digestion, food safety, nutrition labeling, and healthy eating habits were available on the websites. Some of those websites also provided games or quizzes to attract the children's interest. However, seine of the websites did not give any information on the person responsible for providing the information, which is most important in determining the credibility of the website. Other problems were that some information was too difficult for children, and some of the websites did not provide a way to search for information. According to the survey results, the topics that children wanted to know about were 'desirable weight', 'cooking', 'correct food choice', 'weight control method', 'calories consumed during exercise' but, they did not have a high interest in 'asking questions', 'books with nutrition messages', 'under weight', 'negative effect of weight control' and 'helping hungry children'. Based on these results, we developed a new nutrition education web-site, ifood' (http://ifood.or.kr). We focused on helping children develop healthy eating habits by providing information which is easy and practical for children. However, we neither included the program to assess their dietary intake, nor provided entertaining background sounds, which children like. Also, the game section is composed mainly of quizzes. Therefore, we need to further develop exciting games to teach nutrition to children. In the near future, the newly developed website should be evaluated by children regarding understandability and coverage of the contents as well as usability and design, and then revised to improve the educational effect.

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[English]
Utilization Status of Internet and Dietary Information of School Children in Gyeongnam and Jeonbuk Areas: Eun Sil Her, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(1):15-25. Published online February 28, 2003

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the utilization status of internet and dietary information by gender (boys : 442, girls : 461) in school children (total : 903). The results were summarized as follows. The most of children used internet regularly (98.1%) and major purpose of using were mentioned as 'game (39.0%)' and 'social intercourse (49.5%)'. The duration of internet use was '< 2hours (80.9%)'. They used internet mainly at 'home (88.8%)', and favorite search engines were 'Yahoo (54.2%)' and 'Daum (31.1%)'. The searching experience on dietary information was from only 35.6% of subjects mainly 'for homework (39.6%)' and 'for health (36.9%)'. The satisfaction degree of searched information was 'high (79.5%)'. Dissatisfactory reasons of internet site for dietary information were pointed out to be 'bring little interest (28.9)', 'difficult contents (19.2%)', and 'poor information (18.2%)'. Only fifteen % of subjects had experience of nutrition counseling using internet, and purpose of counseling was mainly 'for homework (51.4%)' and 'for health problem (24.3%)'. The problems for nutritional counseling site were pointed out to be 'difficult answer content (31.7%)', 'insincere answer (28.6%)' and 'poor answer content (25.4%)'. They acquire information of nutrition and health management mainly through 'internet (43.7%)'. 'Growth and nutrition (28.3%)', 'improvement in studying ability (13.8%)', 'right weight control (13.3%)' and 'cooking (12.8%)' were most frequently asked information, They had a preference for 'game (40.5%)', 'animation (29.9%)' and 'quiz (18.1%)' as learning method tools. The favorite site color was 'green (51.3%)'. The results of this study showed that although the internet use was very high, they used internet to search dietary information very seldom. Therefore, the information donor should find out what is the optimal tool, what kind of dietary information was needed for school children.

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[English]
Regional Differences in Food Intake and Diversity among Korean College Students of a Nutrition Education Course through the Internet: Jeong Hee Lee, Kyung Ja Chang; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(1):41-52. Published online February 28, 2003

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diversity of food intake among Korean college students of a nutrition education course through the internet. Subjects were 796 nation-wide college students (male 278, female 518). A dietary survey collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Diet variety was assessed by DDS (dietary diversity score), MBS (meal balance score), and DVS (dietary variety score). The foods consumed in largest amounts were rice (54.42 g), citrus fruit (36.41 g) and milk (30.91 g). The foods consumed most frequently were rice (65.28%), garlic (63.65%) and salt (63.64%). The average food intake was 1325.3 g (male 1420.6 g, female 1274.1 g), with vegetable and animal food comprising 78.5% and 21.5% of total food intake, respectively. The consumption of the major five food groups comprised DDS, and 66.0% (male 56.1%, female 71.3%) of subjects had a DDS of 5 and 27.4% (male 33.5%, female 24.1%) of subjects had a DDS of 4. The groups most frequently missed were dairy products (56.5%) and fruits (41.6%). The average of MBS were 10.88 (11.61 in Seoul, 11.03 in Kyungsang, 10.88 in Chungcheong, 10.85 in Incheon, 10.57 in Kyunggi) in male and 11.08 (11.47 in Kyungsang, 11.20 in Seoul, 11.18 in Kyunggi, 10.82 in Chungcheong, 10.64 in Incheon) in female. Male students in Seoul (18.2) and female students in Kyungsang (18.6) had the greater number of consumed food items. Subjects who had higher DDS had significantly higher DVS (p < 0.001). Based on these results, the food intake of the subjects regarded as not adequate, especially with regards to the dairy and fruit groups. Considering their nutritional characteristics, dietary guidelines as well as education should be made to improve the food intake and include various foods in their diet.

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[English]
The Dietary Behavior, Dietary Intakes and Internet Searches Reagarding by Disease in College Students Participating in a Nutrition Education Web Class: Hye Eun You, Hyun I Sung, Jin Oh Kwak, Kyung Ja Chang; Korean J Community Nutr 2002;7(5):696-704. Published online October 31, 2002

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior, dietary intakes and internet searches regarding diseas by college students participating in a nutrition education web class. The study subject were 1184 college students and crosssectional survey was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire deal with anthropometric data, diseas, dietary behaviors, dietary intakes, and the use of nutrition information via the internet. The data was analyzed using a SPSS PC program. Disease group was 19.6% (male: 17.1%, female: 21.9%) and non-disease group was 80.4% (male: 82.9%, female: 78.1%) of subjects. As for the kinds of diseas, the male disease group had stomach diseas (15.7%), ozena (15.7%), hepatitis (10.8%) and allergic disease (7.8%), etc, and the female disease group had stomach diseas (32.8%), allergic diseas (12.0%), bronchitis and bronchial asthma (10.4%), anemia (7.2%), and constipation (1.6%), etc. Non-disease group showed significantly higher irregularity of meal time compared to disease group. Also, Disease group showed significantly higher concern about nutrition and health, worse recognition of theirown nutrition and health satus, and made greater efforts to prevention diseas compared to the non-diseas group. In the male subjects, the average intake of Calories, Vitamin B2 and calcium was lower than the Korean RDA and in the female subjects, those of Calories, calcium and Fe were lower than the Korean RDA. Most of the diseas (97%) and the non-disease (98.2%) groups had positive attituds toward the usefulness of internet nutrition information. The disease group showed a higher confidence in the internet nutrition information and recognition of internet information on poisons compared to the non-diseas group. However, this difference was not significant. Therefore. it is necessary to provide sientifically proven nutrition of information via the internet for college students in order to promote healthful lifestyles and to prevent diseas.

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[English]
Characteristic Analysis of Internet nutrition Counseling Served by the Korean Society of Community Nutrition: Joung Won Lee, Sun Yung Ly, Kyeung Eun Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2002;7(1):86-91. Published online February 28, 2002

Abstract PDF: An analysis for a period of 15 months (from September 2000 to November 2001), of the nutrition counseling internet site, "Dietnet" served by the Korean Society of Community Nutrition, showed the following results. Nutrition counseling was conducted without charge by 50 professionals, including professors in the food and nutritional areas, medical doctors, and dietitians. Counselees consisted of mostly females under 30 years of age. Although two thirds of the users of this site asked questions anonymously, they were very sincere. They asked questions mostly related to their own concerns, but there were quite a few inquiries about their parents or grandparents. There were significant differences in the counseling contents depending on the ages of the counselees. Teenagers showed the highest interest in height growth and weight control, whereas people in their twenties were mostly interested in diseases, foods, and weight control. Those over the thirty made inquiries mostly about diseases. The most frequent questions were relevant to gastrointestinal, circulatory and hepatic diseases. As indicated above, counseling questions included of a variety of both comprehensive and specific questions. There were also quite a few questions related to decisions on the correct usage of specific foods. Therefore, we recommend that more professionals, such as food science majors, medical doctors who practice western and oriental medicine, and other professionals who specialize in psychological behaviors related to weight control and infant food habits be recruited to serve the site more effectively and intensively. In light of the further need for internet sites with nutrition counseling and delivery of nutritional information to the public, nutritionists capable of managing websites are also required.

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[English]
Development of a Website-Based Nutrition Education Program for Female College Students and Young Women: Kyung Won Kim, Hyun Joo Kang, Kyung A Kim, Se Hwa Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2001;6(4):657-667. Published online October 31, 2001

Abstract PDF: This study was designed to develop a website for providing nutrition information and education for college women and young women. The website focuses on two topics ; general nutrition and desirable weight control. This program is located at http : // www.ezydiet.co.kr. This program is composed of 5 major sections. The first two sections were designed to provide information ; one for general nutrition, and the other for providing information regarding weight control. The first section includes information regarding young adult women's diet, nutrition standards, such as the RDA or Korean Food Pyramid, drinking and smoking. The second section coveres information regarding desirable control, foods with high or low calories, eating disorders and popularly used dieting methods. The third section is for simple nutrition assessment, consisting of assessment of ideal body weight and obesity, energy requirements, and eating habits. The fourth section was designed to introduce and help users to apply behavioral modification techniques, such as monitoring, goal setting, stimulus control and reinforcement. The final section was designed for meal planning, by introducing a food exchange list and menu examples for one week. The characteristics of this web-based program are as follows ; 1) provide nutrition information systematically, 2) involve sections for the participation of the user, 3) include food pictures to help understanding of nutrition information, 4) include management modules for some sections to revise or update the information. One-hundred and ten female university students participated in the evaluation of this website. The evaluation results were favorable. About 90% of subjects rated that this program covers major topics 'well ' or 'very well', and that it was 'easy'to 'very easy'to understand the contents on website. Two-thirds of subjects rated quite positively on questions regarding attractiveness, overall quality and technical quality of website. In addition, about three-fourths of subjects answered that this website was helpful in increasing nutrition knowledge and in applying nutrition information into daily life. These results suggested the possibility of using a website as a means of providing nutrition information and education for young adult women.

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[English]
Development and Evaluation of Nutrition Education Program through Internet: Yoon Jung Kim, Eun Young Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 1999;4(4):546-553. Published online December 31, 1999

Abstract PDF: This study was undertaken to develop and evaluate a nutrition education program with internet for students. A survey was conducted to find out needs for nutrition education program with 430 college or high school student in October, 1997. Eighty four point eight percent of female and 36.0% of male students had a plan to reduce their weight in a near future. Forty four point four percent of subjects obtained information about weight control from mass media, 28.6% of subjects obtained from their neighbor's recommendation. The information wanted to know were high-calorie foods, answered by 42.1% of females, and calorie expenditure of exercise, answered by 31.9% of males. The obese group showed higher preferrence to sweet foods, salty foods, hot foods, convenience foods, processed foods, animal foods, fried and oily foods, and eating-out than normal group(p<0.05). The obese group also showed a tendency of bad food habits, low intake of seaweeds, high intakes of animal fat, cholesterol-rich foods and salty foods. Amount of food intakes was inappropriate in obese group. An internet program for nutrition education was developed using the results of the survey and juvenile nutrition programs. The program consisted of 6 steps ; step 1 was to check one's physical status, step 2 was explanation about good food habits, step 3 was about food management, step 4 was methods of exercise for health, step 5 included how to maintain ideal weight, and step 6 was related-internet site. Pre-education test and post-education test was conducted to evaluate the nutrition education through internet. The score of nutrition knowledge increased from 74.2+/-7.4 to 77.2+/-9.6. The score of food attuitude did not change. The subjects wanted more information about nutrition from internet. Therefore, internet program of nutrition education with specific and interesting topics should be developed more.

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