Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
A Qualitative Study on Attitude, Acceptability, and Adaptation for Home-delivered Meal Services in the Korean Elderly from the Perspective of Life Context: Ji Yun Hwang, Bokyoung Kim, Kirang Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(5):459-467. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.5.459

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to suggest the strategies for improvement of home-delivered meal services for the elderly, to identify reasons for recipients to get started with the services and to evaluate the attitude, acceptability and adaptation of recipients to the services from the perspective of life context.
METHODS
The data was collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews with eighteen low-income elderly recipients of home-delivered meals and analyzed using a qualitative research method.
RESULTS
The results were deduced as four themes which comprised of long-term vulnerable socioeconomic contexts resulted in entry to the services, conflicting acceptability to the services, passive adaptation to taking the services, and positive practices to cope with supplement free meals or other services. The service participation was initiated because of a combination of prolonged, vulnerable socioeconomic contexts, including poverty and unexpected life events such as diseases, disability, living alone, aging and unemployment. With regard to taking the services, conflicting acceptability was observed: positive aspects including saving living cost and good quality of meals, and negative aspects including lack of a tailored service and feeling of stigma. Although the recipients needed an individualized service, they did not express their needs and demands for the services and they accepted the unavailability as an accustomed, prolonged vulnerable socioeconomic context. With regard to lack of tailored services, either self-solution such as modification of eating patterns or community-based network and services were used.
CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that a system to concretely identify recipients' attitude, acceptability and adaptation for home-delivered meal services should be developed in the establishment of a tailored nutrition support system for the low-income elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Food Insecurity and Stress Among Rural Residents in South Carolina: The Moderating Influences of Household Characteristics, Neighborhood Social Environment and Food Environment
Caitlin Koob, Ye Luo, Catherine Mobley, Samuel Baxter, Sarah Griffin, Cassius Hossfeld, Leslie Hossfeld
Journal of Community Health.2023; 48(3): 367. CrossRef
Virtual Grocery Store: Fostering Healthy Nutrition among Seniors
Tara Crowell, Anthony Dissen, Elizabeth G. Calamidas, Elizabeth Finnerty, Laura Engelmann
Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics.2021; 40(4): 290. CrossRef
Interpersonal and Community Factors Related to Food Sufficiency and Variety: Analysis of Data from the 2017 Community Health Survey
Jiyoun Hong, Taisun Hyun
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2020; 25(5): 416. CrossRef
Experiences of Healthcare and Daily Life Support Services in Community-dwelling Elders Living Alone: A Thematic Analysis using Focus Group Interviewing
Yeon-Hwan Park, Kyung-Choon Lim, Be Long Cho, Hana Ko, Yu Mi Yi, Eun-Young Noh, So-Im Ryu, Sun Ju Chang
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2019; 21(3): 200. CrossRef
Food Insecurity and Geriatric Hospitalization
Rachel S. Bergmans, Briana Mezuk, Kara Zivin
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2019; 16(13): 2294. CrossRef
Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and maternal depressive symptoms: Moderation by program perception
Rachel S. Bergmans, Lawrence M. Berger, Mari Palta, Stephanie A. Robert, Deborah B. Ehrenthal, Kristen Malecki
Social Science & Medicine.2018; 197: 1. CrossRef

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[English]
A Study on Customized Nutrition Intervention Program Design and Application for the Low-Income Elderly: Hyun Joo Do, Youngmee Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(6):716-729. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.716

Abstract PDF PubReader

This study aimed to plan nutrition support programs for the elderly living alone whose nutrition status were seriously concerned, conducted seven stages nutrition intervention program on a trial basis, and evaluated the effectiveness of the program of the Elderly Nutrition Support Project. Subjects were selected for personalized nutrition management based on nutritional risk score and nutrition intervention were tailored to the problems occurred. The elderly nutrition support program targets were 44 senior citizens who lived alone with low income. The 33 (as Type 1) of the subjects with whom milk, tofu, seaweed, eggs, black beans have been supported, and also provide nutrition education, and the rest 11 persons (as Type 2) to whom food was not supported but provide nutrition education programs. As a result, all subjects showed that compared with pre and post program implementation, their daily exercise time and milk and protein consumption level were increased and some improvement was observed regular meals consumption and low-salt diets. Their nutrient intake level such as calories, protein, calcium, iron improved after implementation. In addition, NSL DETERMINE scores significantly improved from 13.21 to 7.24 in Type 1 and 11.27 to 9.91 in Type 2. As positive dietary behavioral changes were observed as in that they purchased more protein and calcium rich foods.

Citations

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Comparison of the health and nutritional status of Korean elderly considering the household income level, using the 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jin Mo Khil
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2021; 54(1): 39. CrossRef
The effects of a personalized nutrition intervention program on food security, health and nutritional status of low-income older adults in Seoul city
Yeyeon Lee, Narae Yang, Minjeong Shin, Kyung-Eun Lee, Chang Hee Yoo, Kirang Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2020; 53(4): 416. CrossRef
Effects of a Health Promotion Empowerment Program Using a Resident Volunteer as a Lay Health Leader on Frail Elders' Health and Empowerment
Jeong Sook Park, Yun Jung Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(3): 335. CrossRef
Effect of nutrition care process-based nutrition intervention on improvement of intake in the elderly in-patients with malnutrition
Ji-Hyun Park, Min-Ji Kang, Jung-Sook Seo
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2018; 51(4): 307. CrossRef
A Qualitative Study on Needs of Convenience Meal from the Low-income Female Elderly
Ji-Eun Jang, Ji-Na Kim, Soojin Park, Weon-Sun Shin
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture.2014; 29(2): 163. CrossRef
An Evaluation of the Dietary Status for Developing Assistance Programs for Daily Lives of Elderly Individuals in Rural Korea
Jin-Sook Yoon, Min-Kyoung Song, Hye-Jin Lee, Shin-Young Lee, Hee-Keum Cho, Yoon-Ji Choi
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2014; 25(2): 163. CrossRef
Qualitative study on home delivery meal services for the elderly
Sunhee Seo, Eunju Yu, Og Yeon Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2013; 46(6): 589. CrossRef

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[English]
Diet Quality and Food Patterns of Obese Adult Women from Low Income Classes: Based on 2005 KNHANES: Jin Sook Yoon, Heekyung Jang; Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(6):706-715. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.6.706

Abstract PDF PubReader

This study aims to identify the dietary patterns relevant to obesity of Korean women among low income classes. Adults 20-64 years were used as study subjects from the data of 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We compared obese and normal-weight women in terms of their nutrients intake, diet quality and food patterns. Diet quality was assessed by using the Nutritional Adequacy Ratio (NAR) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). Our results showed higher prevalence of obesity among lower socioeconomic status women. In men, there were no significant associations with socioeconomic status and prevalence of obesity. Higher risk of nutritional inadequacy was observed among obese women compared to normal weight women. Obese women showed significantly lower INQ for nutrients such as Ca, Fe, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Riboflavin and Vitamin C compared to other women. They consumed significantly higher amount of rice (p < 0.05) and lower amount of vegetables (p < 0.01). By contrast, obese men from low income classes showed higher intake of those nutrients. Obese men also consumed significantly higher amount of meats than normal weight men. Therefore, this study suggests that genderspecific approaches based on economic situation should be considered in developing the intervention program for managing obesity for low income classes.

Citations

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Food insecurity and adult weight abnormality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sajjad Moradi, Atieh Mirzababaei, Alireza Dadfarma, Shahabeddin Rezaei, Hamed Mohammadi, Behrooz Jannat, Khadijeh Mirzaei
European Journal of Nutrition.2019; 58(1): 45. CrossRef
Effects of a Self-Care Reinforcement Program for Socially Vulnerable Elderly Women with Metabolic Syndrome in Korea
Mikyung Park, Kiwol Sung
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2019; 30(3): 271. CrossRef
Eating frequency is inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference and the proportion of body fat in Korean adults when diet quality is high, but not when it is low: analysis of the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANE
Sunmi Kim, Jeong Hee Yang, Gyeong-Hun Park
British Journal of Nutrition.2018; 119(8): 918. CrossRef
A Comparative Study of Taste Preference, Food Consumption Frequency, and Nutrition Intake between the Elderly in Their 80's Living in Long Life Regions in Jeollanam-do and a Part of Seoul
Soon-Sil Chun, Eunju Yoon
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(1): 115. CrossRef
Evaluation of Obesity and Nutritional Status by Age among Low-income Women aged over 20 -Using Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-
Hee-Kyung Jang
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(2): 246. CrossRef
A study on nutritional intakes in middle income adults based on data from the 5thKorean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Ji-Myung Kim, Hye Sook Kim, Ki Nam Kim
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(4): 364. CrossRef
Major Foods and Nutrient Intake Quality According to Body Image Perception among Korean Women: Based on the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data
Young Suk Lim, Soo Bin Jeon, Hee Mang Kim, So Yeon Jeong, Jae Young Ahn, Hae Ryun Park
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2015; 21(2): 154. CrossRef
Associations between food insecurity and healthy behaviors among Korean adults
In-Ae Chun, So-Yeon Ryu, Jong Park, Hee-Kyung Ro, Mi-Ah Han
Nutrition Research and Practice.2015; 9(4): 425. CrossRef
An Evaluation of Dietary Habit and Nutritional Status by Household Income in Female Adults over the Age of 20 - Using Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey -
Hee-Kyung Jang
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(4): 660. CrossRef
Calcium Status and Bone Mineral Density by the Level of Sodium Intake in Young Women
Jin-Sook Yoon, Mi Jung Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(2): 125. CrossRef
A Study on the Health and Nutritional Characteristics according to Household Income and Obesity in Korean Adults Aged over 50 -Based on 2005 KNHANES-
So Hyun Ahn, Sook Mee Son, Hye Kyeong Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(4): 463. CrossRef

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[English]
Government-Funded Meal Support Program for Low-Income Children through Convenience Stores : Current Status and Nutritional Quality of Available Meal Items in Seoul: Haelim Choi, Sooyoun Kwon, Jihyun Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(2):253-264. Published online April 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.2.253

Abstract PDF PubReader

The objectives of this study were to investigate the current status of the Korean government-funded meal support program for low-income children through convenience stores and to evaluate the nutritional quality of the meal items available under the program. The POS data of three convenient stores where children had used their electronic meal cards most often in Seoul during January 2010 and the kinds and amounts of ingredients of the meals items available to the children were obtained from the headquarter of the convenient stores. A total of 5,081 transactions by 693 children included in the POS data was analyzed. In addition, nutritional contents of meal items, which were meal boxes (11 kinds), kimbab (13 kinds), rice balls (27 kinds), inari sushi (1 kind), and sandwiches (26 kinds), were analyzed with Can Pro 3.0. The results showed that children had purchased flavored-milk products most often. Children tended to purchase meal items together with drinks (60.9% of transactions), but some purchased drinks (27.6%) or meal items only (11.5%). Except for meal boxes, none of the meal items satisfied 1/3 of Estimated Energy Requirements of the 9-11 year-old boys per day. The average energy contents of different kinds of meal boxes, kimbabs, rice balls, and sandwiches were 619, 357, 200, and 380 kcal, respectively, and the energy content of a package of Inari sushi was 457 kcal. Vitamin C amount was found to be deficient in all the meal items, compared to 1/3 of Recommended Intake of the 9-11 year-old boys per day. The results of this study could be useful to develop nutritionally appropriate meal items for the convenient stores participating in the government-funded meal support program for children from low-income families.

Citations

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Analysis of Intake Status and Satisfaction of Home-delivered Meal Boxes for Children from Low-income Families in Seongnam-city, Gyeonggi-do
SooYoun Kwon, OkSun Kim
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2023; 33(2): 149. CrossRef
A Qualitative Study on the Dietary Experience with the Children’s Meal Card : Focused on College Students Living in Busan
Soo Jin Lee, Ho Kyung Ryu
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2022; 33(2): 205. CrossRef
Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of Convenience Store Meal Boxes according to Store Company and Meal Price
Changgyu Cho, Youngmin Nam, Hye-Jong Yoo
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2022; 27(2): 105. CrossRef
Analysis of the Dietary Life of Adolescents by Household Types in Korea using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Soo Jin Lee, Ho Kyung Ryu
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2021; 32(2): 285. CrossRef
Analysis of the Affiliate-stores Distribution and Users of an Electronic-card for Children’s Meal Service in Busan
Soo Jin Lee, Ji Yoon Lee, Jung Eun Kang, Ho Kyung Ryu
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2021; 32(1): 29. CrossRef
Study on Middle and High School Students' Use of Convenience Foods at Convenience Stores in Incheon
Seul-Ki Lee, Mi-Kyeong Choi, Mi-Hyun Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2019; 24(2): 137. CrossRef
A Survey of Satisfaction with Quality attributes of Meal Services for Low-income Children in Wonju
Hae Sook Oh
The Korean Journal of Community Living Science.2014; 25(2): 233. CrossRef
A comparison study of hygiene status in meals for poorly-fed children through microbiological analysis
Ok-Kyeong Yu, Hyun-Suk Kim, Moon-Sun Byun, Mina Kim, Youn-Soo Cha
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2014; 47(3): 214. CrossRef
The Current Status of Foodservice Management in the Restaurants Participating in the Government-funded Children's Model Program in Korea during Summer Vacation
Jinyoung Kim, Sooyoun Kwon, Youngmi Lee, Haelim Choi, Jihyun Yoon
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2012; 17(2): 182. CrossRef

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[English]
Appropriate Size and Dish Combination of Nutritional-Balanced Lunch Boxes Delivered to Children Under the Government-Funded Meal Service Program in Korea: Kana Asano, Jihyun Yoon, Borham Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(5):565-575. Published online October 31, 2009

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to propose the appropriate sizes and dish combination for nutritional-balanced lunch boxes delivered to children under the government-funded meal service program in Korea. The study was based on the 3 : 1 : 2 Meal Box Magic, a nutrition education method developed in Japan. A total of 290 lunch menus, comprising of 10 day menus from 29 organizations having delivered lunch boxes to children during summer vacation of 2008, were analyzed and used as the base data for lunch box combination. Dishes of the menus were classified into 6 groups: Rice group, Protein side dish group (including meat, fish, egg, and bean dishes), Vegetable side dish group, Kimchi group (including kimchi and jangajji), Soup, stew group, and the other group. Nutrient analysis was conducted for 100 ml of these dishes by CAN Pro 3.0 utilizing volume and weight conversion data used for analysis of the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and those from the Nutrient Composition of Food for Consumers. All the possible combinations of 5 dishes, comprising of 3 dishes from Rice group, Protein side dish group, and Kimchi group, respectively, and 2 dishes from Vegetable side dish group, were made using the frequently served dishes from the respective dish group. Nutrient analysis of each combination was conducted based on the assumption that a lunch box was 600 ml and filled up to 80% by dishes using the volume ratio of 3 : 1 : 1.5 : 0.5 for Rice group : Protein side dish group : Vegetable side dish group : Kimchi group. The mean and standard deviation of energy and nutrients of all combinations calculated by weighting the serving frequency of each dish selected for the combinations were 621 +/- 81 kcal for Energy, 22.1 +/- 5.0 g for Protein, 120 +/- 45 mg for Calcium, 4.1 +/- 1.1 mg for Iron, 201 +/- 130microgram RE for Vitamin A, 0.34 +/- 0.10 mg for Thiamin, 0.27 +/- 0.10 mg for Riboflavin, and 24.3 +/- 9.6 mg for Vitamin C. The energy percentages from Carbohydrate, Protein and Fat were 66%, 14% and 20%. The analysis results met the nutrition standard of lunch boxes for male elementary students in grades 4 through 6 under the government-funded meal service program regarding calories, nutrients except calcium and riboflavin, and macronutrient distribution ranges. Accordingly appropriate box sizes were suggested for different age and sex groups to meet the respective nutrition standards. In addition, milk or dairy products were suggested to accompany lunch boxes to supplement calcium and riboflavin intake. The method of selecting box sizes and making dish combination suggested in this study could be useful for the organizations preparing lunch boxes under the government-funded children's meal service program where nutrition professionals are not available.

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[English]
Current Status of Meal Box Service Management for Children from Low-income Families During Summer Vacation: Borham Yoon, Jihyun Yoon, Jae Eun Shim, Sooyoun Kwon; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(2):206-215. Published online April 30, 2009

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of foodservice management in organizations delivering meal boxes for low-income children during summer vacation. A survey was conducted with persons in charge of meal box production and service of these organizations via mail. Out of 114 questionnaires distributed nationwide, 100 were analyzed (87.8% analysis rate). Over half (53%) of the organizations delivered meal boxes consisting of rice and side dishes while the rest delivered side dishes only. About 81% of the organizations received KRW 3,000 per meal from their local governments and the rest received KRW 3,500. Only 28% of organizations had employed a dietitian. Over one-third (38%) of the respondents were unaware of the official nutritional standard of the foodservice program for low-income children during vacation. Most of the organizations (94%) had menu planned in advance. The average percentage of food cost was 84.1%. Over 40% of the organizations did not keep food samples for sanitation test (43%) and did not take any measures for keeping food temperature during delivery (45%). The organizations delivering rice and side dishes were more likely to be located in cities rather than rural areas and received higher reimbursement rate. The organizations receiving reimbursement of KRW 3,500 or hiring a dietitian were more likely to use standardized recipes, keep food samples for sanitation test, or take measures for keeping food temperature during delivery compared to the counterparts. Respondents reported that increasing reimbursement rate was the most necessary for improving the quality of meal box. This study results showed that the meal box delivery service for low-income children was not properly managed during the vacation, with regards to menu planning and food production. It is recommended that reimbursement rate for meal boxes should be adjusted depending on meal box types and local conditions.

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[English]
Gender and Age Differences in the Nutritional Status of the Low Income Elderly Living in Gwangju: Hee Kyung Ro, Keun Ae Oh; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(3):302-310. Published online June 30, 2003

Abstract PDF: This study was undertaken to assess nutritional status of the low income elderly residing in Gwangju. Anthropometric data showed that mean height of the subjects was lower than that of Korean Standard Growth data but weight was similar to that standard value. As the subjects became older, their heights and weights were decreased. Body mass index (BMI) in males and females were 22.9 and 24.4 respectively. However, BMI distribution showed that 56% of the elderly females under 75 were underweight. Advancing age conoibutes significant difference in triceps skinfold thickness in females (p<0.001). Total cholesterol level was higher in the elderly females than the males. It was found that a considerable number of subjects had anemia determined by hemoglobin and hematocrit level, which indicated un iron deficiency. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that, except for phosphorus and vitamin C, all the nutrient intakes of the subjects were below 75% of Korean RDA. Surprisingly, vitamin A and riboflavin intakes of the elderly were below 50% of Korean RDA. Energy intakes of the elderly males and females were 58.7% and 59.6% of Korean RDA respectively. Unbalanced energy ratios of carbohydrate, protein and fat were noted in both genders. Nutrient intakes of females' were lower than those of males'. Thus, there was a significant gender difference in nutrient intakes. It might be further suggested that an appropriate nutritional program should be developed and implemented to improve the Poor nutritional status of the low income elderly living in cities.

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