Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
Effects of Nutritional Education Practice Program for Cardiocerebrovascular High-risk Group at the Education Information Center: Hang Me Nam, Seung Hee Woo, Young Ji Cho, Yun Jung Choi, Su Yeon Back, So Yeon Yoon, Jin Young Lee, Jung Jeung Lee, Hye Jin Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2011;16(5):580-591. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.5.580

This research was performed to investigate the effects of NEP (Nutritional Education Practice) program developed by KHyDDI (Korea Hypertension Diabetes Daegu Initiative) for hypertension and diabetes patients. The subjects were 116 patients (hypertension 70, diabetes 46) who had completed basic education program at the education information center and four-session program was implemented for them. Nutrient intake was analyzed and compared before and after the program by 24-hr recall method and evaluate weight, waist circumference, body fat, blood pressure and eating habits in terms of nutrition knowledge, eating behavior, salty taste assessment. The improved results after the program were observed in weight, waist circumference, body fat ratio, blood pressure, slightly salty taste in salty taste assessment, nutrition knowledge, eating behavior, sodium, energy, carbohydrate and protein intake ratio to total energy (p < 0.001). Therefore, this program is effective in the improvement of weight, waist circumference and eating behavior, and the continued management would lead to the prevention of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in the community.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The impact of differential cost sharing of prescription drugs on the use of primary care clinics among patients with hypertension or diabetes
Eunja Park, Daeeun Kim, Sookja Choi
Public Health.2019; 173: 105. CrossRef
Effect of Staged Education Program for Hypertension, Diabetes Patients in a Community (Assessment of Quality of Life Using EQ-5D)
Jung Jeung Lee, Hye Jin Lee, Eun Jin Park
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2014; 39(1): 37. CrossRef
Comparison of the Health Behaviors according to Income and Education Level among Cardio-Cerebrovascular Patients; based on KNHANES data of 2010-2011
Ji-Yeon Choi, Seong-Woo Choi
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(10): 6223. CrossRef
Effects of Nutrition Education and Personalized Lunch Service Program for Elderly at Senior Welfare Center in Jeonju
Jeong-Sook Bae, Mi-Hyun Kim, Sook-Bae Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2013; 18(1): 65. CrossRef
Community-based Nutritional Management for Secondary Prevention of Diabetic Macrovascular Diseases
Hye Jin Lee, Jung Jeung Lee
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2013; 14(1): 36. CrossRef
Development and Evaluation of a Community Staged Education Program for the Cardiocerebrovascular Disease High-risk Patients
Hye-Jin Lee, Jung-Jeung Lee, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Sin Kam
Journal of agricultural medicine and community health.2012; 37(3): 167. CrossRef

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[English]
Effect of Nutritional Education and Exercise Intervention on Reducing and Maintaining Weight in Obese Women: Myoung Sook Kim, Mee Sook Choi, Ki Nam Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(1):80-89. Published online February 28, 2007

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of nutritional education and exercise intervention on reduction and maintenance of weight. The subjects were 24 obese women whose body mass index (BMI) was over 25 kg/m(2). Nutritional education was performed once a week and swimming was done three times a week throughout this 12 week program. The subjects were recalled 1 month after the program was complete. Nutrient intakes were assessed by 24 hour recall method. Also food habits, dietary behaviors and nutritional knowledge were investigated by self-administered questionnaires before and after the weight control program and one month after completing the program. Height, weight, body composition and blood levels were measured before and after the weight control program and one month after completing the program. During the 12 weeks of the weight control program, body weight significantly decreased from an average of 69.7 kg to 65.8 kg and to 65.1kg after one month (p < 0.05). Body fat and BMI also significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Cholesterol and blood sugar levels decreased after 12 weeks and increased one month after completing the program. After taking nutritional education, the nutritional knowledge scores increased. Calcium intake significantly increased after completing the education and one month after completing the program (p < 0.01). Iron intake significantly decreased from an average of 12.1 g to 11.3 g after completing the program and increased to 15.5 g one month after completing the progrom (p < 0.001). We concluded that our nutritional education and exercise program was effective for reducing and maintaining weight.

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Randomized Controlled Trial

[English]
The Effect of 6 Month Alphacalcidol Treatment or Nutrition Education on the Nutrient Intakes, Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Sook Mee Son, Jin Kyung Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2006;11(6):793-807. Published online December 31, 2006

Abstract PDF: This study was performed to estimate the effect of alphacalcidol supplementation or nutrition education on the nutrient intakes, bone mineral density and bone markers in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. The 90 CAPD subjects were randomly assigned to 3 groups (alphacalcidol group: AG, nutrition education group: NG, and control group: CG). Alphacalcidol supplementation(0.5 microgram/day) was carried out for 8 months. Nutrition counseling was performed according to the patient's individual question for the first 6 months and scheduled nutrition education with individual counseling was carried out for the last 2 months. In baseline data, there were no significant differences in age, sex, family number, education years and monthly income except the NG showed significantly less duration of CAPD (p <0.05) compared to other two groups. After intervention all three groups showed tendency of lower intakes. NG revealed less decrease in protein, especially in animal protein, calcium from Ca-P binder, dietary calcium, dietary iron and niacin. NG showed significantly more increase in dry weight (p <0.05) and AG in waist circumference (p <0.001) after intervention. The groups did not show significant differences in the changes of biochemical indices related to bone metabolism. NG revealed more increase in trochanter BMD (p <0.05) compared to other two groups. It seems that nutrition education is more effective in preventing deterioration or improving the bone and general nutrition status.

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Original Articles

[English]
Comparing the Nutrient Intake, Quality of Diet, Eating Habit Scores and Dietary Behaviors of University Students in Iksan, according to Their Type of Residence: Sung Hye Park; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(6):876-888. Published online December 31, 2003

Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to compare the dietary patterns and behaviors of university students according to their type of residence. The subjects consisted of two thousand two hundred fifty students from Wonkwang University. They were divided into three groups : those who live in their family homes (393 men, 392 women); those who live in university dormitories (371 men, 401 women); and those who live in houses with cooking facilities (345 men, 348 women). This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The nutrient intake data collected from a three-day recall were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and the diet quality was estimated using the Nutrient Adequacy Ratio, Mean Adequacy Ratio and Index of Nutritional Quality. The results showed that the mean daily intakes of calcium were lower than the Korean Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) in all groups. There was a significant difference in the nutrient intake, dietary quality and dietary behaviors of the three groups. The nutrients intake and dietary quality of the men were poorer than those of the women in all three groups. The subjects living in dormitories and houses with cooking facilites seemed to have lower levels of nutrient intake and dietary quality. However, the concern about nutrition and interest in health information was higher among those living in dormitories and houses with cooking facilities than among those living in their family homes. Male students living in houses with cooking facilities had more dietary problems than students living in their family homes or in dormitories possibly because they might have had a lower ability in meal management. These results suggest that the type of residence affects the nutrient intake levels, and dietary quality of university students in Iksan. Nutritional education is essential if university students are to practice optimal nutritional habits, including the eating of well-balanced diets and selecting of foods of high quality. Therefore, nutritional education for university students is needed so as to improve their health and a nutritional education program should be developed to meet the various needs of these students.

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[English]
Setting Instructional Goals for Nutritional Education Program Through an Analysis of Problems Identified in Junior/senior High School Students: Il Sun Yang, Hae Young Lee, Hye Young Kim, Yeo Hwa Kang; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(4):495-503. Published online August 31, 2003

Abstract PDF: For the purpose of developing 'Web-Based Nutritional Education Program', this study analyzed nutritional problems of junior/senior high school students and set appropriate instructional goals for nutritional education program. Survey questionnaires were distributed from October 21,2002 to October 26, 2002 to a total of 564 students at three junior high schools and five senior high schools located in Seoul. The total number of questionnaires collected and used in our study was 479, which is 84.9% of the total questionnaires distributed. According to the survey results, three student groups (male and female students at junior high schools and female students at senior high schools) had lower than an ideal body weight. In case of their Basal Metabolic Indices (BMI), the female students and junior high school students showed a tendency to be underweight, while the other three student groups were within the normal range. The result of the survey showed that all four groups of students showed a deficiency in nutrient intake of calories, calcium and thiamin when compared with Korean RDA. Particularly, in the case of the female students at senior high schools, the deficiency of iron intake was a problem. The survey about food attitudes and food habits of the students showed that the senior high school students had more problems when compared with their junior high school counterparts (p < .001). Therefore, the instructional goals of nutritional education program were set as follows: 1) To improve the level of understanding and the perception of junior and senior high school students about the importance of a dietary lifestyle. 2) To change food attitudes and nutritional knowledge related to individual dietary 1ifestyle, so as to maintain good health through the enhancement of the students' physical activities. We found out that it is critically important to factor in the existing problems of food attitudes and food habits, as well as nutrient intake among junior and senor high school students when setting objectives for nutritional education programs.

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[English]
A Study on the Future Plans for Infant Feeding Practice and Its Associated Factors among University Students: Kyung Suk Choi; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(2):240-249. Published online April 30, 2003

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the future plan for infant feeding practice and its associated factors among university students so as to develop focus for nutritional education program for the promotion of breastfeeding. The subjects were 301 students (males 130, females 171). The results obtained were as follows. In this survey, the subjects had a basic knowledge of breastfeeding and lactation, especially of the ingredient of breastmilk. However they were not well informed about the physiology and method of breastfeeding and benefits of breastfeeding for mothers. The average scores for attitude toward breastfeeding and lactation were 3.09 points on a 4 point scale, which indicated a slightly positive attitudes toward breastfeeding. However the participants had a negative attitude toward its emotional and practical aspects. Their future plan for infant feeding was breastfeeding 40.3%, formula feeding 3.0% and mixed feeding 56.7%. A concern was that the students showed a high rate with regard to a mixed feeding plan, and they decided this based on an incorrect knowledge of breastfeeding. The group who planned to breastfeed in the future (BF) showed higher scores with respect to knowledge and attitudes than those who planned to formula feed or mixed feed (FF + MF). Therefore, to encourage mothers to breastfeed and support breastfeeding, breastfeeding nutritional education is urgently needed among university students. In addition, nutrition education programs should promote the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and the physiology and practical method of breastfeeding. Also a practical and culturally sensitive course about food and nutrition is recommended to inform participants about breastfeeding.

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[English]
A Study of the Dietary Habits, the Nutritional Knowledge and the Consumption Patterns of Convenience Foods of University Students in the Gwangju Area: Kyung Hee Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(2):181-191. Published online April 30, 2003

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits, the nutritional knowledge and the consumption patterns of convenience foods of 618 university students located in the Gwangju area, from November twentieth to November thirtieth, 2002. The subjects included 301 males (48.7%) and 317 females (51.3%). This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The percentage of students who were underweight, normal and overweight based on their body mass index (BMI) was 3.7, 88.0 and 8.3 for the males, and 29, 71 and 0 for the females, respectively. Most students (73.8%) skipped breakfast. This was because of lack of time (65.1%) of the cases. Self-reported eating habit problems were eating irregular meal (52.4%), overeating (21%), prejudiced meal (12.4%) and skipping meal (7.4%). The type of favorite snack was biscuit (31.9%) and cup Ramyon (31.9%). The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 88.0% and 85.8% respectively, and the rates of smoking were 35.9% and 2.8% respectively. Males ate frequently cup Ramyon (2.08 +/- 2.95), fries (pork cutlet, fried potato)(1.91 +/- 2.58), Ramyon (1.81 +/- 3.00) and kimbab (1.70 +/- 3.17) more frequently, while females ate kimbab (2.25 +/- 3.26), cup Ramyon (1.89 +/- 2.09), fries (pork cutlet, fried potato)(1.77 +/- 2.67), Ramyon (1.46 +/- 1.1.95) and fish paste 1.45 +/- 2.22) more frequently. The nutritional knowledge score was higher in females than in males. The mean consumption patterns of convenience foods of students living in home were lower than that of students living in dormitory and boarding w/cooking. When the amount of pocket money available and the body mass index increased and the nutritional knowledge level was low, the mean consumption of convenience foods increased. The mean consumption of convenience foods correlated negatively with nutritional knowledge (p < 0.01). Therefore, nutritional education for university students is needed so as to improve their health and nutritional education program should be developed to meet the various needs of these students.

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[English]
The Effect of Individualized Nutritional Education on Adults having two or more Symptoms of Chronic Degenerative Disease: Jin Sook Yoon, Young Hye Jeong, Jung A Park, Hyun Mee Oh; Korean J Community Nutr 2002;7(6):794-802. Published online December 31, 2002

Abstract PDF: This study was intended to evaluate the overall effects of nutritional education on adults having two or more symptoms of chronic degenerative disease. A nine week nutritional education program was provided for 65 adults with chronic diseases. We assessed the changes in dietary knowledge, eating behavior and socio-psychological factors. When we evaluated the nutrient intakes of the subjects, their energy intake was 79.4% of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA). Their dietary intake of other nutrients was also below the RDA level except for Vitamin C. Their knowledge of dietary therapy was slightly improved after the implementing of nutritional education. The dietary behavior of 'night snacks before sleep' was significantly improved. While the overall fear due to disease was significantly increased, self-efficacy was not improved. Self-efficacy for eating "three regular meals" and "choosing fruit, vegetable and grain" were significantly decreased. Family support for "buying food which is good for my health" was also significantly increased, whereas "advises me to eat appropriate foods for health" was decreased. Biochemical analysis indicated that blood levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and blood pressure improved after nutrition education. Therefore, we concluded that nutritional education program for people with chronic degenerative diseases could change the diet therapy knowledge, dietary behavior, and the fear due to disease, support from family and behavior intention toward the direction to improve the chronic disease condition. However, it did not improve self-efficacy. Our study also indicated that nutritional education strategies to improve self-efficacy should be an important aspect in a long term education plan for patients to establish desirable eating habits.

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[English]
Nutritional Education Status and Recognition of the Importance of Elementary School Dietitians in the Gyeongnam Area: Eun Sil Her, Hal La Yang, Hyun Sook Yoon, Kyung Hea Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2002;7(6):781-793. Published online December 31, 2002

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional education status and the recognition of the importance of elementary school dietitians (N=183) in the Gyeongnam area. The results are summarized as follows. All subjects took part in nutritional education program, but the educational methods were passive, as in the case of "home correspondence" (80.8%) and "bulletin board poster" (16.4%), and the education frequency was very low as in "one time/month" (90.2%). The subjects thought "as an independent subject" (41.5%) and "as a related subjects" (35.1%) were suitable teaching venues for the nutritional education. They were very low in individual counseling (4.5%) for school children because of "lack of opportunity" (42.2%) and "heavy work load" (24.1%). However, most of the subjects wished that nutritional counseling could offered in the future (95.5%). The parents' experience of nutritional education was also low (34.3%). Information sources for nutritional education were mainly the "internet" (53.1%) and "re-educational materials" (25.0%). The available instructional materials included "printed materials" (96.7%), "exhibition bulletin materials" (70.3%) and "electronic materials" (46.4%). The preferred education materials were "exhibition bulletin materials" (32.2%), "printed materials" (29.2%), and "electronic materiaThis study was carried ls" (27.7%). However, materials they wished to purchase were "electronic materials" (54.5%) and "cubic materials" (26.0%). These results show a difference between the preferred materials and the possessed materials. Most school dietitians (98.4%) recognized the necessity of nutritional education with respect to "good table manners" (42.0%), "correction of food prejudices" (30.3%), and "proper nutrition for growth" (21.0%). Although they had a great interest in nutritional education, they had difficulty in cutting their learning into practice because of "heavy work load" (30.9%), "lack of a systematic curriculum" (25.2%), and "lack of a educational opportunity" (22.8%). Ninety five percent of subjects wished to have nutrition education taught as an independent subject. They pointed out "kindergarten" (60.0%) and "lower grades in elementary school" (33.9%) as the optimal starting times for nutritional education and "school dietitians" (91.3%) as suitable teachers for these programs. The required topics chosen by the subjects for nutritional education for children were "proper eating habits" (54.2%) and "nutritional problem" (31.5%). The dietitians thought "food prejudices" (44.7%), "eat too much processed and instant foods" (36.5%), and "obesity" (11.8%) were the most common nutritional problems among elementary school children. These results suggest the necessity of solving the nutritional problems in children by developing a nutritional education program. Along with this program, if dietitian assisted programs for parents were developed, the effects of nutritional education could definitely be increased.

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[English]
Food Service Management in Elementary School in Chunnam Province: Yeo Ja Choi, Hee Kyung Ro; Korean J Community Nutr 2002;7(2):211-218. Published online April 30, 2002

Abstract PDF: This study was undertaken to assess the school flood service management and its perception by dietitians. Questionnaries were developed and answered by 162 dietitians in elementary schools in Chollanam-do. The duration of the flood service system was the longest in remote areas followed by rural and urban areas. The average number of persons served a day was 680 per dietitians. More than three schools were supervised by 52.4% of dietitians. Lack of facilities, including restrooms for the flood service personnel and storage compartments for convenience products were indicated. Regardless of the type of school flood service system, the dietitians pointed out that they urgency needed gas fryers, gas griddles and vegetable cutters, which would be helpful in preparing fried flood for the students. Despite the dietitians' eagerness to teach nutritional education, 80.9% of the respondents did not provide nutritional education to the students, because of the lack of class roomtime. It was suggested that the teaching nutritional education by dietitians was desperately needed for the improvement of health and the nutritional status of school children.

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[English]
A Study on the Development of a Computerized Nutritional and Health Guide Program Based on Periodic Health Examination at Work Sites: Sung Yoon Rho, Ryo Won Choue; Korean J Community Nutr 2002;7(2):266-276. Published online April 30, 2002

Abstract PDF: In this study, a computerized nutritional and health guide program for workers was developed. The dietitian at the work site could utilize periodically conducted medical examination data to develop an effective health care counseling model based on the developed Nutritional and Health Guide Program. A personal computer (Pentium II PC MMX-150, 32MB RAM, 2.95 GB HDD) with Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Enterprise Edition and Microsoft Access 97 installed, was used. The Nutritional and Health Guide Program consisted of seven main menus and 43 sub-menus. Included in the main menu were Basic Information, Periodic Health Check-ups, Visitors' Consultations, Nutritional/Health Tips, Nutritional Education according to Diseases, Help and Exit. In the Periodic Health Check-up menu, dieticians could input the health examination data of employees and touch for the recommended treatments for diseases such as obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension and hepatitis. The Visitors' Consultation menu has been designed to compile health information about the employees who sought consultations. The Nutritional/Health Tips menu was designed to provide 14 kinds of programmed nutritional educational media and information. In the Nutritional Education According to Diseases menu, the dietitian could judge the subject's willingness to obtain treatment based on the Stage of Change Model. According, the content of the administered respective nutritional education was classified by stages. The Help menu, provide a chart of the method and procedure used as nutritional guidelines, by which the results of the health examination were classified as people in good health and those requiring special medical attention. The results of the evaluation of this program showed highly positive rates for usefulness (4.09), convenience (4.04), lettering size (4.02), interest (3.93), design (3.49). It also showed that 97.5% of the subjects thought that this program would be helpful for implementation of their company's nutritional educational program. Therefore, this menu could help dietitians plan, conduct, and evaluate their nutritional guidelines for employees. It is expected that The Nutritional and Health Guide Program developed in this study will play a role as a scientific and effective guide in conjunction with health examination results.

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[English]
An Assessment of Obesity and Dietary Habits of College Students Taking the Course Health and Diet: Hyeon A Kim, Kyung Hwa Lee, Young Ja Cho; Korean J Community Nutr 1999;4(2):166-174. Published online June 30, 1999

Abstract PDF: We examined the obesity levels and dietary habits of 323 college students taking the course 'Health and Diet' as a part of theirnutritional education. The average percentages of body fat, BMI and RBW for subjects in this study were 16.7%, 21.5kg/m2 and -1.2% in male students and 27.3%, 21.2kg/m2 and 1.0% in female students, respectively. BMI and RBW indicated fewer cases of obesity among female students than BIA did. The average intake of energy by subjects was lower than the RDA of energy. In particular, the average intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A by female students were much lower than the RDA of energy. In particular, the average intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A by female students were much lower than the RDAs of each of those nutrients. The percent RDAs of nutrient intakes of energy, protein, thiamin, and riboflavin were lower in underweight students than in students of normal and over-weight. Female students were found to skip mealsand consume sweet foods more frequently than male students. The obesity levels of students related to the number of meals eaten per day as well as the frequency of consuming sweet foods. Although, it was not possible to determine statistically, the levels obesity also seemed to correspond to the speed at which meals were eate as well as the frequency of eating salty foods. These results suggest that in order to assess obesity propertly, more research that focuses on subjects' gender should be conducted. In addition, nutritional education should emphasize the importance of intakes of energy and phosphorus for male students, and the danger of iron and calcium deficiencies for female students. We should also educate students about dietary habits which contribute to obesity such as overeating and the intake of sweet foods.

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