Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Original Articles

[English]
Thermic Effect of Food, Macronutrient Oxidation Rate and Satiety of Medium-chain Triglyceride: Hee Ryoung Son, Myung Ju Lee, Eun Kyung Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(6):468-478. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.468

Abstract PDF PubReader: OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermic effects, the macronutrient oxidation rates and the satiety of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT).
METHODS
The thermic effects of two meals containing MCT or long-chain triglycerides (LCT) were compared in ten healthy men (mean age 24.4 +/- 2.9 years). Energy content of the meal was 30% of resting metabolic rate of each subject. Metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation rate were measured before the meals and for 6 hours after the meals by indirect calorimetry. Satiety was estimated by using visual analogue scales (VAS) at 8 times (before the meal and for 6 hours after meal).
RESULTS
Total thermic effect of MCT meal (42.8 kcal, 8.0% of energy intake) was significantly higher than that (26.8 kcal, 5.1% of energy intake) of the LCT meal. Mean postprandial oxygen consumption was also significantly different between the two types of meals (MCT meal: 0.29 +/- 0.35 L/min, LCT meal: 0.28 +/- 0.27 L/min). There were no significant differences in total postprandial carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates between the two meals. However, from 30 to 120 minutes after consumption of meals, the fat oxidation rate of MCT meal was significantly higher than that of the LCT meal. Comparison of satiety values (hunger, fullness and appetite) between the two meals showed that MCT meal maintained satiety for a longer time than the LCT meal.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed the possibility that long-term substitution of MCT for LCT would produce weight loss if energy intake remained constant.

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[English]
Influence of the Size of the Spoon on the Eating rate, Energy Intake and the Satiety Levels of Female College Students: Yang Hee Hong, Young Suk Kim, Hyun Jung Kwon, Do Seok Chang, Dong Geon Kim, Un Jae Chang; Korean J Community Nutr 2015;20(5):375-382. Published online October 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.5.375

Abstract PDF PubReader: OBJECTIVES
This study examined the influence of different sizes of spoons (normal spoon, 8.3 cc vs small spoon, 4 cc) on eating rate, energy intake and the satiety levels of female college students.
METHODS
Twenty four healthy female college students participated in this study once a week for 2 weeks. Two hundred ten grams of cooked rice and 250 g of beef shank soup with a normal spoon and same amount of rice and soup with a small size spoon were served to the same participants over two consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the eating rate, energy intake, and the satiety levels were measured.
RESULTS
Results showed that the subjects who were using a small spoon ate less beef shank soup (149.0 kcal) (p < 0.01) and had lower total energy intake (423.3 kcal) (p < 0.05) than using a normal spoon (178.7 and 461.1 kcal, respectively). Also, the meal time (15.7 min) (p < 0.01), a serving per one spoon (8.6 g) (p < 0.001), and eating rate (27.9 g/min) (p < 0.001) of those who used a small spoon were significantly different than that of those who used a normal spoon (13.6 min, 12.5 g and 35.7 g/min, respectively). However, despite consuming less energy at lunch, the level of satiety after eating from the small spoon was not significantly different from the normal spoon immediately after, 1 hour after and 2 hour after lunch.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results revealed that students were able to control their eating rate by using a small spoon and they could feel full enough even though they eat less. In conclusion, eating rate decrease by using a small spoon may play an important role in food intake.

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[English]
Influence of Visual Differences in Bowl Size and Types on Dietary Intake of Female College Students with Normal Weight: Young Suk Kim, Un Jae Chang; Korean J Community Nutr 2014;19(3):250-257. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.3.250

Abstract PDF PubReader

OBJECTIVES
This study examined the impact of perceived volume on satiety using normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl.
METHODS
Thirty-six normal weight college female students participated in this study once a week for 3 weeks. Three hundred grams of fried rice in a normal rice bowl (1st week), 300 g of fried rice in a diet rice bowl (2nd week), and 300 g of fried rice in small rice bowl (3rd week) were served to the same participants over three consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the consumption volume of fried rice and the satiety rate were measured.
RESULTS
The consumption volume of fried rice was 248 g (414.5 kcal) with a normal rice bowl, 254 g (429.8 kcal) with a diet bowl, and 270 g (456.8 kcal) with a small rice bowl. Results showed that the subjects who were eating from the small rice bowl ate more fried rice (p < 0.05) than eating from the normal rice bowl and diet rice bowl. However, the satiety rate of fried rice in a diet rice bowl was significantly higher than that of normal rice bowl and small rice bowl (p < 0.05). The five point scale of perceived volume on fried rice served normal rice bowl, diet rice bowl and small rice bowl were 2.4, 4.0 and 2.1.
CONCLUSIONS
The visual cue plays a critical role in determining satiety and that perceived volume is perhaps more important than actual volume of consumed food in determining the level of fullness.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of Food Consumption Monitoring Using Modified Rice Bowls on Food Intake, Satiety Rate, and Eating Rate
Young-Suk Kim, Un-Jae Chang
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2015; 21(3): 194. CrossRef
Dietary Intervention Strategies to Reduce Energy Intake in Diabetes
Mi Ra Rho
The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2015; 16(1): 43. CrossRef

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