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Table 1

Physical characteristics and life styles of the study subjects according to the sodium intake

1) Low: Na < 4231.7 mg, Medium: 4231.7 ≤ Na < 5573.9 mg, High: Na ≥ 5573.9 mg

2) Mean ±SD

3) Hypertension: Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg

ab: Means not sharing the same superscript are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by one-way GLM

Table 2

Urine volume and urinary Na, K, Ca, Mg, Creatine excretion

1) Low: Na < 4231.7 mg, Medium: 4231.7 ≤ Na < 5573.9 mg, High: Na ≥ 5573.9 mg

2) Mean ±SD

3) Sodium intake per day was assessed with the assumption that 82% of dietary sodium was excreted in 24-hr urine

ab: Means not sharing the same superscript are significantly different at p<0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by one-way GLM

Table 3

Salt percentages of Kimchi and soybean paste

1) Low: Na < 4231.7 mg, Medium: 4231.7 ≤ Na < 5573.9 mg, High: Na ≥ 5573.9 mg

2) Mean ±SD

ab: Means not sharing the same superscript are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

^*: p < 0.05 by one-way GLM

Table 4

Sodium intakes of each dish item by Dish Frequency Questionnaire

1) Low: Na < 4231.7 mg, Medium: 4231.7 ≤ Na < 5573.9 mg, High: Na ≥ 5573.9 mg

2) Mean ±SD

ab: Means not sharing the same superscript are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 by one-way GLM

Table 5

Sodium intakes of each food group by Dish Frequency Questionnaire

1) Low: Na < 4231.7 mg, Medium: 4231.7 ≤ Na < 5573.9 mg, High: Na ≥ 5573.9 mg

2) Mean ±SD

ab: Means not sharing the same superscript are significantly different at p < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple range test

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 by one-way GLM

Table 6

Odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for high sodium intake according to the selected factors

1) High sodium intake group: over 67percentile with sodium intake higher than 5573.9 mg/day

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01

Table 7

Odds ratios (ORs) for high sodium intake according to dietary attitude or dietary behaviors

1) High sodium intake group: over 67percentile with sodium intake higher than 5573.9 mg/day

^*: p < 0.05, ^***: p < 0.001

Figure & Data

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