Seo-Eun Yeon; Hee-Ryoung Son; Jung-Sook Choi; Eun-Kyung Kim

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.12

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Original Article
Relationships among Serum Adiponectin, Leptin and Vitamin D Concentrations and the Metabolic Syndrome in Farmers: Seo-Eun Yeon, Hee-Ryoung Son, Jung-Sook Choi, Eun-Kyung Kim; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2014;19(1):12-26.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.12
Published online: February 28, 2014

Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do, Korea.

¹National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea.

Corresponding author: Eun Kyung Kim, Department of Food & Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University,7 Jukheon road, Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-702, Korea. Tel: (033) 640-2336, Fax: (033) 640-2330, ekkim@gwnu.ac.kr

• Received: January 13, 2014 • Revised: February 14, 2014 • Accepted: February 18, 2014

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract
NOTES
REFERENCES

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among serum adiponectin, leptin and vitamin D concentrations and the metabolic syndrome in Korean farmers. 105 (26 males, 79 females) farmers (39~78 years, mean age 59.4 ± 9.6 years) in Gangwon - area were included in this study. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical blood analysis of subjects were carried out. The prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hyper LDL-cholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome were 51.9%, 65.7%, 49.5%, 15.3%, 17.3%, 13.5%, 11.5% and 40.9%, respectively. Serum adiponectin and leptin levels (8.90 µg/ml and 12.6 ng/ml) of females were significantly higher than those (6.49 µg/ml and 4.88 ng/ml) of males. But there was no significant difference in 25(OH)vitamin D concentration between males (15.4 ng/ml) and females (16.9 ng/ml). In the subjects with metabolic syndrome, the adiponectin levels were significantly lower and leptin levels were significantly higher than those of the subjects without metabolic syndrome. Serum adiponectin level had positive correlations with HDL-cholesterol level (r = 0.325, p < 0.001), but showed negative correlations with triglyceride and fasting blood glucose concentrations, body weight and waist/hip circumference ratio (r = -0.202 ~ -0.317, p < 0.05). Serum leptin and 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations were positively correlated with body fat (kg, %) and BMI, waist and hip circumferences (r = 0.244 ~ 0.682, p < 0.001). The results of this study suggested that adiponectin and leptin levels could be credible indices to predict chronic diseases in farmers. However, further research on vitamin D should be carried out considering another factors.
Keywords: farmer; adiponectin; leptin; vitamin D; chronic diseases

NOTES

This study was supported by grants from rural development administration of Korea (RDA: 20120401-037-501-001-03-00).

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Table 1

The distribution of subjects by the gender and by the age group

1) N (%)

2) Mean ± SD

Table 2

Anthropometric measurements of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Body fat (%) measured by Inbody 720

3) Muscle (kg) calculated by Heymsfield's formular

4) Muscle (%) = [Muscle (kg) / Body weight (kg)] × 100

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 3

Fasting blood glucose levels and blood lipid profiles of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Atherogenic index = (Total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol) / HDL cholesterol

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 4

Serum adiponectin, leptin and 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 5

Prevalence of chronic diseases in the subjects

1) N (%)

Table 6

Comparison of fasting blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome

1) MS (-): without metabolic syndrome

2) MS(+): with metabolic syndrome

3) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between MS (-) and MS (+) by t-test

^†††: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 7

Comparison of serum adiponectin, leptin and 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome

1) MS (-): without metabolic syndrome

2) MS (+): with metabolic syndrome

3) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different between MS (-) and MS (+) by t-test

^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 8

Pearson's correlation coefficients of serum adiponectin, leptin, leptin to adiponectin ratio and serum 25(OH)vitamin D concentration with study variables

1) Pearson's correlation coefficient (r)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly correlated

Figure & Data

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Relationships among Serum Adiponectin, Leptin and Vitamin D Concentrations and the Metabolic Syndrome in Farmers

Korean J Community Nutr. 2014;19(1):12-26. Published online February 28, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.1.12

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Relationships among Serum Adiponectin, Leptin and Vitamin D Concentrations and the Metabolic Syndrome in Farmers

Table 1

The distribution of subjects by the gender and by the age group

1) N (%)

2) Mean ± SD

Table 2

Anthropometric measurements of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Body fat (%) measured by Inbody 720

3) Muscle (kg) calculated by Heymsfield's formular

4) Muscle (%) = [Muscle (kg) / Body weight (kg)] × 100

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 3

Fasting blood glucose levels and blood lipid profiles of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Atherogenic index = (Total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol) / HDL cholesterol

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 4

Serum adiponectin, leptin and 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 5

Prevalence of chronic diseases in the subjects

1) N (%)

Table 6

Comparison of fasting blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome

1) MS (-): without metabolic syndrome

2) MS(+): with metabolic syndrome

3) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between MS (-) and MS (+) by t-test

^†††: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 7

Comparison of serum adiponectin, leptin and 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome

1) MS (-): without metabolic syndrome

2) MS (+): with metabolic syndrome

3) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different between MS (-) and MS (+) by t-test

^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 8

Pearson's correlation coefficients of serum adiponectin, leptin, leptin to adiponectin ratio and serum 25(OH)vitamin D concentration with study variables

1) Pearson's correlation coefficient (r)

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly correlated

Table 1 The distribution of subjects by the gender and by the age group

1) N (%)

2) Mean ± SD

Table 2 Anthropometric measurements of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Body fat (%) measured by Inbody 720

3) Muscle (kg) calculated by Heymsfield's formular

4) Muscle (%) = [Muscle (kg) / Body weight (kg)] × 100

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 3 Fasting blood glucose levels and blood lipid profiles of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

2) Atherogenic index = (Total cholesterol - HDL cholesterol) / HDL cholesterol

^*: p < 0.05 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 4 Serum adiponectin, leptin and 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations of subjects by the gender

1) Mean ± SD

^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 5 Prevalence of chronic diseases in the subjects

1) N (%)

Table 6 Comparison of fasting blood glucose concentrations and lipid profiles in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome

1) MS (-): without metabolic syndrome

2) MS(+): with metabolic syndrome

3) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01, ^***: p < 0.001 Significantly different between MS (-) and MS (+) by t-test

^†††: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 7 Comparison of serum adiponectin, leptin and 25(OH)vitamin D concentrations in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome

1) MS (-): without metabolic syndrome

2) MS (+): with metabolic syndrome

3) Mean ± SD

^*: p < 0.05, ^**: p < 0.01 Significantly different between MS (-) and MS (+) by t-test

^†: p < 0.05, ^††: p < 0.01, ^†††: p < 0.001 Significantly different between male and female by t-test

Table 8 Pearson's correlation coefficients of serum adiponectin, leptin, leptin to adiponectin ratio and serum 25(OH)vitamin D concentration with study variables