Yun-Jung Bae; Mi-Hyun Kim; Jee-Young Yeon

doi:10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.146

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Original Article
Evaluation of Dietary Zinc, Copper, Manganese and Selenium Intake in Female University Students: Yun-Jung Bae, Mi-Hyun Kim, Jee-Young Yeon; Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2012;17(2):146-155.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.146
Published online: April 30, 2012

Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hanbuk University, Gyeonggi, Korea.

¹Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, Korea.

²Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.

Corresponding author: Jee-Young Yeon, Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-dong 2(i)-ga, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea. Tel: (031) 860-1445, Fax: (031) 860-1449, jyyeon@yahoo.co.kr

• Received: January 31, 2012 • Revised: February 17, 2012 • Accepted: March 2, 2012

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Abstract
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Abstract

This study aimed to measure and evaluate the intakes of four antioxidant trace elements, namely, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se in 19-29y-old female university students in Korea. Diet data were collected by 3-day dietary records in 644 subjects. The mean age, height, weight and body mass index of the subjects were 20.08 years, 161.77 cm, 54.26 kg and 20.82 kg/m², respectively. The mean, median and 25th-75th percentile intakes of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se in the subjects were 12.83 mg (12.40 mg, 9.59 to 15.34), 1.30 mg (1.27 mg, 1.00 to 1.57), 3.19 mg (3.12 mg, 2.45 to 3.86), and 50.90 µg (50.17 µg, 37.59 to 64.35), respectively. The proportion of subjects whose Mn intake was adequate or less was 62.89%, and the proportions of subjects whose Zn, Cu and Se intakes were at the estimated average requirements or less were 10.09, 4.97, and 39.60%, respectively. The major food group for dietary intakes of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se was cereal, providing 8.55 mg (66.60%), 0.78 mg (59.93%), 2.09 mg (65.50%), and 16.83 µg (32.43%), respectively. Many female university students were deficient in Mn and Se compared with the dietary reference intakes. Therefore, except for cereal, it is required to consume a diet consisted of various food sources for increasing the intakes of antioxidant trace minerals, especially animal food groups.
Keywords: zinc; copper; manganese; selenium; female university students

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Table 1

Age and anthropometric measurements of subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Body Mass Index

Table 2

Mean daily energy and nutrient intakes in subject

1) KDRIs: Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans

2) Mean ± SD

3) Percent of Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) of 2010 KDRIs

4) Percent of Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of 2010 KDRIs

5) Percent of Adequate Intake (AI) of 2010 KDRIs

Table 3

Mean of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium intakes in subjects

1) Percentile, 2) KDRIs: Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, 3) RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake, 4) EAR: Estimated Average Requirement, 5) UL: Tolerable upper intake level, 6) Mean ± SD, 7) N (%), 8) Percent of Adequate Intake (AI) of 2010 KDRIs

Table 4

Distribution (percentiles) of Daily intakes of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium in subjects and evaluation based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs)

EAR: Estimated Average Requiremen (▲) Zn: 7.0 mg/day, Cu: 0.6 mg/day, Se 45 µg/day

RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake (△) Zn: 8.0 mg/day, Cu: 0.8 mg/day, Se 55 µg/day

AI: Adequate Intake (◆) Mn: 3.5 mg/day

Table 5

Mineral intake from each food group in subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) % of total intake

Table 6

Ranking of food sources by zinc, copper, manganese and selenium intakes

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

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Evaluation of Dietary Zinc, Copper, Manganese and Selenium Intake in Female University Students

Korean J Community Nutr. 2012;17(2):146-155. Published online April 30, 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.146

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Evaluation of Dietary Zinc, Copper, Manganese and Selenium Intake in Female University Students

Table 1

Age and anthropometric measurements of subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Body Mass Index

Table 2

Mean daily energy and nutrient intakes in subject

1) KDRIs: Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans

2) Mean ± SD

3) Percent of Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) of 2010 KDRIs

4) Percent of Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of 2010 KDRIs

5) Percent of Adequate Intake (AI) of 2010 KDRIs

Table 3

Mean of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium intakes in subjects

Table 4

Distribution (percentiles) of Daily intakes of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium in subjects and evaluation based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs)

EAR: Estimated Average Requiremen (▲) Zn: 7.0 mg/day, Cu: 0.6 mg/day, Se 45 µg/day

RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake (△) Zn: 8.0 mg/day, Cu: 0.8 mg/day, Se 55 µg/day

AI: Adequate Intake (◆) Mn: 3.5 mg/day

Table 5

Mineral intake from each food group in subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) % of total intake

Table 6

Ranking of food sources by zinc, copper, manganese and selenium intakes

Table 1 Age and anthropometric measurements of subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Body Mass Index

Table 2 Mean daily energy and nutrient intakes in subject

1) KDRIs: Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans

2) Mean ± SD

3) Percent of Estimated Energy Requirements (EER) of 2010 KDRIs

4) Percent of Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) of 2010 KDRIs

5) Percent of Adequate Intake (AI) of 2010 KDRIs

Table 3 Mean of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium intakes in subjects

Table 4 Distribution (percentiles) of Daily intakes of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium in subjects and evaluation based on the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs)

EAR: Estimated Average Requiremen (▲) Zn: 7.0 mg/day, Cu: 0.6 mg/day, Se 45 µg/day

RNI: Recommended Nutrient Intake (△) Zn: 8.0 mg/day, Cu: 0.8 mg/day, Se 55 µg/day

AI: Adequate Intake (◆) Mn: 3.5 mg/day

Table 5 Mineral intake from each food group in subjects

1) Mean ± SD, 2) % of total intake

Table 6 Ranking of food sources by zinc, copper, manganese and selenium intakes