, 정현영2)
, 이주민3),†
, Hyun-Young Jung2)
, Joomin Lee3),†
1)조선대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공, 학생
2)목포대학교 식품영양학과, 교수
3)조선대학교 식품영양학과, 교수
1)Graduate student, Graduate School of Education, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
2)Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, Korea
3)Professor, Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
© 2023 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflict of Interest
There are no financial or other issues that might lead to conflict of interest.
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Data Availability
The participants of this study did not give written consent for their data to be shared publicly. Due to the sensitive nature of the research, supporting data is not available.
| Variables | Male | Female | χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dessert consumption frequency | Nothing | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 12.740* |
| 1-2 times a month | 21 (19.8) | 12 (7.7) | ||
| 3-4 times a month | 27 (25.5) | 47 (30.3) | ||
| 2-3 times a week | 33 (31.1) | 62 (40.0) | ||
| 4-5 times a week | 16 (15.1) | 20 (13.0) | ||
| ≥ 5 times a week | 7 (6.6) | 14 (9.0) | ||
| Frequently consumed dessert types | Chocolates | 10 (9.4) | 12 (7.7) | 16.757* |
| Bakery goods | 33 (31.1) | 78 (50.3) | ||
| Ice creams | 42 (39.7) | 31 (20.0) | ||
| Fruits | 20 (18.9) | 30 (19.4) | ||
| Salads | 1 (0.9) | 4 (2.6) | ||
| Preferences for dessert beverage choices | Fruit/vegetable juices | 21 (19.8) | 38 (24.5) | 4.901 |
| Carbonated beverages | 22 (20.8) | 24 (15.5) | ||
| Coffees | 37 (34.9) | 61 (39.4) | ||
| Smoothies | 21 (19.8) | 23 (14.8) | ||
| Bubble teas | 5 (4.7) | 9 (5.8) | ||
| Timing of dessert consumption | After breakfast | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 10.481* |
| After lunch | 57 (53.8) | 96 (61.9) | ||
| After dinner | 37 (34.8) | 44 (28.4) | ||
| Meal replacement | 4 (3.8) | 13 (8.4) | ||
| Others | 6 (5.7) | 2 (1.3) | ||
| Dessert consumption companions | Friends | 55 (51.9) | 85 (54.8) | 2.589 |
| Families | 17 (16.0) | 23 (14.8) | ||
| Dating parners | 16 (15.1) | 16 (10.4) | ||
| Alone | 18 (17.0) | 31 (20.0) | ||
| Preferred dessert purchase locations | Coffee shops | 43 (40.5) | 65 (41.9) | 12.772* |
| Convenience stores | 27 (25.5) | 20 (12.9) | ||
| Bakeries | 19 (17.9) | 35 (22.7) | ||
| Dessert shops | 11 (10.4) | 32 (20.6) | ||
| Others | 6 (5.7) | 3 (1.9) | ||
| Preferred beverage purchase locations | Coffee shops | 82 (77.4) | 132 (85.2) | 8.240 |
| Convenience stores | 13 (12.3) | 17 (11.0) | ||
| Bakeries | 8 (7.5) | 2 (1.3) | ||
| Others | 3 (2.8) | 4 (2.5) | ||
| Reasons for dessert choice | For accessibility | 45 (42.5) | 65 (41.9) | 8.433 |
| Intake convenience | 16 (15.1) | 14 (9.0) | ||
| Taste and flavor | 36 (34.0) | 65 (41.9) | ||
| Interior design | 4 (3.7) | 10 (6.6) | ||
| Others | 5 (4.7) | 1 (0.6) | ||
| Reasons for eating dessert after a meal | A lack of satiety | 11 (10.4) | 6 (3.9) | 10.044* |
| Having fun | 62 (58.4) | 74 (47.7) | ||
| Habitually | 16 (15.1) | 35 (22.6) | ||
| To release stress | 11 (10.4) | 26 (16.8) | ||
| Others | 6 (5.7) | 14 (9.0) |
| Variables | Male | Female | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ≤ 19 | 22 (20.8) | 41 (26.5) | 63 (24.1) |
| 20-21 | 25 (23.6) | 78 (50.3) | 103 (39.5) | |
| 22-23 | 35 (33.0) | 21 (13.5) | 56 (21.5) | |
| ≥ 24 | 24 (22.6) | 15 (9.7) | 39 (14.9) | |
| Frequency of drinking | Non drinking | 50 (47.2) | 81 (52.3) | 131 (50.2) |
| 1 cup-1 bottle | 38 (35.8) | 48 (31.0) | 86 (33.0) | |
| > 1 bottle | 18 (17.0) | 26 (16.7) | 44 (16.9) | |
| Hours of sleep (hours/day) | < 6 | 6 (5.7) | 22 (14.2) | 28 (11.5) |
| 6-7.99 | 59 (55.7) | 97 (62.6) | 156 (59.0) | |
| ≥ 8 | 41 (38.6) | 36 (23.2) | 77 (29.5) | |
| Eating-out | ≤ 1 time/week | 41 (38.7) | 39 (25.1) | 80 (30.7) |
| 2-3 times/week | 33 (31.1) | 72 (46.5) | 105 (40.2) | |
| ≥ 4 times/week | 32 (30.2) | 44 (28.4) | 76 (29.1) | |
| Monthly allowance (won) | < 200,000 | 40 (37.7) | 34 (21.9) | 74 (28.4) |
| 200,000-399,999 | 38 (35.8) | 62 (40.1) | 100 (38.3) | |
| 400,000-599,999 | 19 (17.9) | 36 (23.2) | 55 (21.1) | |
| ≥ 600,000 | 9 (8.6) | 23 (14.8) | 32 (12.3) |
| Variables | Male | Female | χ2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dessert consumption frequency | Nothing | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 12.740 |
| 1-2 times a month | 21 (19.8) | 12 (7.7) | ||
| 3-4 times a month | 27 (25.5) | 47 (30.3) | ||
| 2-3 times a week | 33 (31.1) | 62 (40.0) | ||
| 4-5 times a week | 16 (15.1) | 20 (13.0) | ||
| ≥ 5 times a week | 7 (6.6) | 14 (9.0) | ||
| Frequently consumed dessert types | Chocolates | 10 (9.4) | 12 (7.7) | 16.757 |
| Bakery goods | 33 (31.1) | 78 (50.3) | ||
| Ice creams | 42 (39.7) | 31 (20.0) | ||
| Fruits | 20 (18.9) | 30 (19.4) | ||
| Salads | 1 (0.9) | 4 (2.6) | ||
| Preferences for dessert beverage choices | Fruit/vegetable juices | 21 (19.8) | 38 (24.5) | 4.901 |
| Carbonated beverages | 22 (20.8) | 24 (15.5) | ||
| Coffees | 37 (34.9) | 61 (39.4) | ||
| Smoothies | 21 (19.8) | 23 (14.8) | ||
| Bubble teas | 5 (4.7) | 9 (5.8) | ||
| Timing of dessert consumption | After breakfast | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 10.481 |
| After lunch | 57 (53.8) | 96 (61.9) | ||
| After dinner | 37 (34.8) | 44 (28.4) | ||
| Meal replacement | 4 (3.8) | 13 (8.4) | ||
| Others | 6 (5.7) | 2 (1.3) | ||
| Dessert consumption companions | Friends | 55 (51.9) | 85 (54.8) | 2.589 |
| Families | 17 (16.0) | 23 (14.8) | ||
| Dating parners | 16 (15.1) | 16 (10.4) | ||
| Alone | 18 (17.0) | 31 (20.0) | ||
| Preferred dessert purchase locations | Coffee shops | 43 (40.5) | 65 (41.9) | 12.772 |
| Convenience stores | 27 (25.5) | 20 (12.9) | ||
| Bakeries | 19 (17.9) | 35 (22.7) | ||
| Dessert shops | 11 (10.4) | 32 (20.6) | ||
| Others | 6 (5.7) | 3 (1.9) | ||
| Preferred beverage purchase locations | Coffee shops | 82 (77.4) | 132 (85.2) | 8.240 |
| Convenience stores | 13 (12.3) | 17 (11.0) | ||
| Bakeries | 8 (7.5) | 2 (1.3) | ||
| Others | 3 (2.8) | 4 (2.5) | ||
| Reasons for dessert choice | For accessibility | 45 (42.5) | 65 (41.9) | 8.433 |
| Intake convenience | 16 (15.1) | 14 (9.0) | ||
| Taste and flavor | 36 (34.0) | 65 (41.9) | ||
| Interior design | 4 (3.7) | 10 (6.6) | ||
| Others | 5 (4.7) | 1 (0.6) | ||
| Reasons for eating dessert after a meal | A lack of satiety | 11 (10.4) | 6 (3.9) | 10.044 |
| Having fun | 62 (58.4) | 74 (47.7) | ||
| Habitually | 16 (15.1) | 35 (22.6) | ||
| To release stress | 11 (10.4) | 26 (16.8) | ||
| Others | 6 (5.7) | 14 (9.0) |
| Variables | Gender |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 106) | Female (n = 155) | ||
| Releasing stress | 3.89 ± 0.83 | 4.21 ± 0.67 | 0.001 |
| Having good for health | 3.69 ± 0.94 | 3.85 ± 0.80 | 0.147 |
| Leading to nutritional imbalance | 3.47 ± 1.05 | 3.80 ± 0.91 | 0.010 |
| Positive effect of adequate intake | 4.04 ± 0.83 | 4.35 ± 0.67 | 0.001 |
| Preference for seasonal menu | 3.38 ± 1.04 | 3.37 ± 1.09 | 0.010 |
| Preference for various menu options | 3.77 ± 0.95 | 3.98 ± 0.81 | 0.068 |
| Reasonable price | 4.30 ± 0.76 | 4.34 ± 0.64 | 0.645 |
| Delicious desserts | 4.51 ± 0.64 | 4.54 ± 0.63 | 0.743 |
| Skills of the dessert maker | 3.83 ± 0.93 | 3.91 ± 0.89 | 0.488 |
| Speed of dessert service | 3.51 ± 0.97 | 3.61 ± 0.94 | 0.390 |
| Unique interior | 3.69 ± 0.10 | 3.84 ± 0.96 | 0.223 |
| Employee service skills and knowledge | 3.95 ± 0.88 | 4.14 ± 0.81 | 0.074 |
| Perception of desserts being good for health | 2.77 ± 0.90 | 2.68 ± 0.76 | 0.386 |
| Perception of desserts being of good quality | 3.54 ± 0.84 | 3.43 ± 0.76 | 0.292 |
| Enhancement of personal value through dessert style | 2.91 ± 1.12 | 3.07 ± 1.14 | 0.247 |
| Interest in desserts | 2.96 ± 1.10 | 3.63 ± 0.96 | < 0.001 |
| Variables | Gender |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 106) | Female (n = 155) | ||
| Checking Nutritional Information | 2.82 ± 3.12 | 2.50 ± 1.25 | 0.318 |
| Checking Ingredient List | 2.45 ± 1.21 | 2.51 ± 1.23 | 0.712 |
| Intention to purchase | 3.54 ± 0.98 | 4.07 ± 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| Willingness to buy despite higher price | 2.49 ± 1.01 | 3.22 ± 1.02 | < 0.001 |
| Advocacy of preferred desserts | 3.63 ± 0.98 | 4.14 ± 0.77 | < 0.001 |
n (%)
n (%)
Mean ± SD Likert 5-point scale: 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
Mean ± SD Likert 5-point scale: 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
