Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Jeong Sook Lee

12 Articles

[English]
Analysis of Korean Dietary Life Adaptation of Married Female Immigrants: Jeong Sook Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(2):103-114. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.2.103

Abstract PDF PubReader: OBJECTIVES
This study aims to investigate the married female immigrants' experience on Korean dietary life adaptation, especially identifying the symbolic meaning and nature of experiences.
METHODS
This study was conducted with six married female immigrants through an analysis of the qualitative materials which consisted of in-depth interviews, field notes and materials. Data was analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological research methods.
RESULTS
The results were deduced as 116 significant statements, 17 formulated meanings (sub-theme), and 6 theme clusters. Six theme clusters comprised of lack of preliminary knowledge and information, conflict and support in relationships, Korean food culture which is different from homeland, adaptation attitudes of Korean food culture according to situation, sharing of homeland food culture, and practical difficulty and expectative service. The participants started Korean life in the dark about Korea and Korean food culture, so they were subjected to trial and error. The conflict between Korean mother-in-law and foreign daughter-in-law came from lack of consideration of daughter-in-law's cultural background. Some participants were hurt because of misunderstanding and nitpicking. They were learning about cooking method, ingredient, seasoning, table setting and manner. Some participants integrated Korean food culture and their homeland food culture. Some of them assimilated with Korean food culture. One of them maintained homeland food culture. The participants who adapted Korean food culture well could share homeland food amicably. They sometimes didn't apply the services which were offered by the government, because the services did not fit their needs. Some of them didn't know the usage route of the services or information. They had resistance about home teaching and it showed that outreach service was not always effective.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggested that it is necessary to develop a practical support plan which covers married female immigrants' real needs and system improvement measures.

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[English]
Development of a Korean Food Culture Education Textbook for Married Female Immigrants: Jeong Sook Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2016;21(5):415-425. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.5.415

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to develop a textbook of the integrated education of Korean food culture and language for married female immigrants.
METHODS
An analysis was conducted with the textbooks and researches for married female immigrants, and dietary life related contents were extracted. The contents were organized by activity oriented approach which is acquired the culture. The evaluation was conducted through depth interview with 6 married female immigrants through an analysis of the qualitative materials.
RESULTS
The text book comprised of 30 Korean food recipes with the target expressions and vocabularies. It also included Korean basic table setting, Korean table manner, main dishes and side dishes, basic cutting, seasoning and garnish, measure of the ingredients, symbolic food, regional food culture, choice of food ingredients, shopping, bargaining, taste expression, color expression, all sorts of spices, Korean traditional festival food, and seasonal customs and food. For intensifying communication, activity which is close to real life was added. Through cooking, married female immigrants expose words and sentence patterns and that allows to evaluate their level of understanding. We observed that the developed textbook is suited for married female immigrants' needs and cognitive level. The text book included a comparative study between Korean culture and their country's culture, which could provide the motive for accepting each otherâ€™s cultures. The study showed how to develop a textbook that integrates Korean language education and Korean food culture and how to apply the textbook in real life.
CONCLUSIONS
The correct understanding about Korean food culture could lead to improvements communication ability. Useful information which relates to Korean food, recipes, and food culture could increase daily life satisfaction. Conducting both cultural education and language education could increase the participation of married female immigrants in learning activities. Therefore this study could help these females to adapt Korean society and manage family dietary life effectively.

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Analysis of Korean Dietary Life Adaptation of Married Female Immigrants
Jeong-Sook Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2017; 22(2): 103. CrossRef

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[English]
A Comparative Study on Cognition and Preference of Korean Traditional Food Classified by Age in Busan: Jeong Sook Lee, Seong Jin Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2010;15(3):351-360. Published online June 30, 2010

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the Korean traditional foods cognition and preference classified by age in Busan. The survey was conducted from January 2 to March 31, 2008, by questionnaires and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: Thirty-four point nine percent of the subjects were interested the Korean traditional foods. Over 40's were more interested in the foods than under 30's. Most of the subjects (65.5%) were proud of the Korean traditional foods and the most proud food was kimchi in all of the subjects. The improvement for Korean traditional foods was indicated as cooking method. There was a significant positive correlation between preference of bab, juk, guksu, gug, jeon-juk-sun, gui-jjim, jigae, jorim, bokeum, kimchi, namul, eumcheong and cognition degree of the Korean traditional foods. Therefore, the understanding of the requirements and preference of the subjects according to age and sex is needed to develop our traditional food.

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[English]
Perception on Nutrition Labeling of the Processed Food among Elementary School Teachers in Busan: Jeong Sook Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2009;14(4):430-440. Published online August 31, 2009

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the perception on nutrition labeling of the processed foods among elementary school teachers in Busan. The survey was conducted from November 1 to November 30, 2008 by questionnaires and data which were analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows. Ninety five point seven percent of the male teachers and 98.2% of the female teachers recognized the nutrition labeling (NL). The necessity of a NL system and comprehension of NL were higher in the female group than the male group. NL was trusted by 22.9% of male teachers and 19.7% of female teachers. The main reason for checking NL of the teachers was for food safety. For the most important NL items at purchasing the food, the teachers replied 'trans fatty acid' and 'cholesterol'. Five point seven percent of male teachers and 17.0% of female teachers were educated for NL. Seventy two point nine percent of males and 91.0% of females recognized the necessity of NL teaching. It is necessary to prepare education programs for both teachers and students about accurate recognition of NL.

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[English]
A Study on Dietary Behaviors, Nutrients Intake Status and Hematological Status of Middle School Football Players in Busan: Jeong Sook Lee, Na Young Kim, Young Wha Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(5):601-609. Published online October 31, 2008

Abstract PDF: The study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitude and hematological status of the middle school football players in Busan. The survey was conducted from September 15 to October 15, 2006 by questionnaires and data analyzed by the SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: The weights and body mass indices of the football players were significantly lower than those of the control. Dietary attitude scores showed no significant differences between the groups. Nutrition knowledge scores of the football players were lower than those of the control. Both football players and the control preferred the sweet taste rather than others. The football players preferred the hot taste, meats, and fish rather than the control did. Serum triglyceride level of the football players was significantly lower than that of the control. Blood iron level was significantly lower in the football players than in the control. Blood urea nitrogen concentration was higher in the football players than in the control. Therefore proper nutritional education programs are required for middle school football players to improve their nutritional status and physical strength.

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[English]
A Comparative Study on Cognition and Consumption Patterns of Korean Rice Cake Classified by Age in Busan: Jeong Sook Lee, Sook Hee Jung, Seon Hee Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2008;13(2):228-236. Published online April 30, 2008

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the Korean rice cake cognition and consumption patterns classified by age in Busan. The survey was conducted from November 21 to December 26, 2007 by questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: Forty one point two percent of the elementary school group, 29.0% of the high school group, 35.0% of 2,30's, 44.5% of 4,50's and 39.5% of over 60's took Korean rice cake once or twice per month. Sixty two point eight percent of elementary group, 44.0% of the high school group, 43.0% of 2,30's, 42.5% of 4,50's and 49.5% of over 60's preferred Korean rice cake. The most important basis for selecting rice cake was 'taste' in all of the subjects. The improvements for rice cake were indicated as taste, preservation and packing. As their age decreased, the score of preference for Gaepiduk, Danja, Dootupduk, Bookumi, Soemuriduk, Julpyun, Jorangi and Jungpyun were decreased. Songpyun, Garaeduk, Injulmi, Siruduk and Moojigaeduk were highly recognized as Korean rice cakes. There was a significant positive correlation between preference of rice cake and age, sex, obesity and recognition degree (p < 0.01). Therefore the understanding of the requirements of the subjects according to age and sex is needed to encourage them to choose Korean rice cake.

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[English]
A Comparative Study on Fast Food Consumption Patterns Classified by Age in Busan: Jeong Sook Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(5):534-544. Published online October 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the fast food consumption patterns classified by age in Busan. The survey was conducted from October 15 to November 15, 2006 by questionnaires and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: Forty one point five percent of the elementary group, 40.5% of the high school group, 24.1% of the 30's, 35.0% of the 40's and 18.1% of the 50's took fast foods over once a week. Seventy two point five percent of the elementary group, 61.5% of the high school group, 16.8% of the 30's group, 10.0% of the 40's, and 14.6% of the 50's preferred fast foods. There was a significant difference in the basis for selecting menus among the groups. The most important basis for selecting menus was 'price' in the elementary group and the high school group, but was 'preference' in the adult groups. As their age increased, they spend more money for fast food. Forty six percent of the elementary group and 49.5% of the high school group, 32.1% of the 30's, 36.5% of the 40's, 34.7% of the 50's thought that fast food can substitute for a meal. The age affected significantly the substitutability for the meal of the fast food (p < 0.001). In the high school group, the ratio of skipping breakfast is higher than in the other age groups. Dietary attitude has direct effects on the preference of the fast foods. Nutrition knowledge, degree of unbalanced diet, and obesity rate have direct and indirect effects which were mediated by dietary attitude. Nutrition knowledge showed the greatest total causal effect in relation to the preference of the fast foods. Therefore, nutrition education for the subjects is needed to encourage them to choose more nutritious food and have healthier dietary pattern.

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[English]
A Comparative Study on the Dietary Attitudes and Nutritional Status of Preschool Children in Different Income Levels in Busan: Jeong Sook Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2006;11(2):161-171. Published online April 30, 2006

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitudes and nutritional status of preschool children in different income levels in Busan. The survey was conducted from November 1 to November 30, 2004 by questionnaires and data analyzed by the SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: The Kaup index of the upper income class group was higher than that of the other income classes. In the middle income class group, nutrition knowledge scores were higher than in any other income class. Sixty-four point nine percent of the upper income class children, 25.7% of the middle income class children and 15.7% of the low income class children had nutrition education experiences. Intake of protein was higher than that of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for children. In the upper income class group, intake of calcium was higher than in any other income class. Intakes of calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in all children. Dietary attitude had positive correlation with frequency of breakfast, time for outdoor activity, and height and weight, and had negative correlation with frequency of fast food and time for watching television. Frequency of snack had positive correlation with frequency of fast food and time for watching television, but frequency of breakfast had negative correlation with those. These results indicate that nutrition education programs linking parents to children should be carried out to improve their nutritional status.

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[English]
A Study on Dietary Behaviors, Nutritional Status and Hematological Status in Female Ballet Majors in University: Na Young Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Seog Ji Kim, Myoung Ju Park, Seok Hwan Kim, Jeong Sook Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2005;10(6):835-844. Published online December 31, 2005

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the dietary behaviors, nutritional status and hematological status of female ballet majors a university. The study was conducted from May 11 to June 20, 2004 by questionnaires, anthropometry and blood analysis and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: The body mass index (BMI) and body fat rate of the ballet majors were significantly lower than those of the controls. Eighty-six point four percent of the ballet majors and 58.3% of the controls had weight control experiences. Intakes of the nutrients were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), except vitamin C in the ballet majors. Intakes of calories, calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in the controls. Serum triglyceride levels of the ballet majors were significantly lower than that of the controls. HDL-cholesterol concentration was higher in the ballet majors than in the controls. No differences were found in the serum total cholesterol level, hemoglobin level, and hematocrit value between the groups. Total iron binding capacity of the ballet majors was higher than that of the controls. Serum iron level was significantly lower in the ballet majors than in the controls. Nutrition knowledge scores and dietary attitude scores were lower in the ballet majors than in the controls. Self esteem and body-cathexis of the ballet majors were higher than that of the controls. These results indicate that the ballet majors should be given more nutritional education to improve their nutritional status and the dancing performance.

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[English]
A Comparative Study on the Dietary Attitudes, Nutrition Knowledge, Nutrient Intake, Eating-Related Characteristics of Dancing Major and Non-major Female University Students: Jeong Sook Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2004;9(4):501-510. Published online August 31, 2004

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the dietary attitudes, nutrition knowledge, nutrient intake, eating-related characteristics of dancing major and non-major female university students. The survey was conducted from October 1 to November 10, 2003 by questionnaires and data analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows: 25.5% of the underweight group, 53.6% of the normal weight group, 12.5% of the overweight group and 66.7% of the obese group had correct perception about their body image. Eighty-one point three percent of the dancing majors and 77.2% of the non-majors were concerned about weight control, and 71.3% of the dancing majors and 64.5% of the nonmajors had weight control experiences. There were no significant differences in nutrition knowledge scores and dietary attitude scores between dancing majors and non-majors. There were no significant differences in 'predisposition to obesity scores' between dancing majors and non-majors, and the scores were low. 'Predisposition to anorexia' scores and 'uncontrollable urges to eat' scores were significantly higher in the dancing majors compared to the non-majors. Intakes of the nutrients were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), except vitamin C in the dancing majors. Intakes of calories, calcium and iron were lower than those of the RDAs in the nonmajors. Dietary attitude was positively correlated with nutrition knowledge but was negatively correlated with 'uncontrollable urges to eat'. In the dancing majors, 'predisposition to obesity' showed significantly positive correlation with obesity rate and 'uncontrollable urges to eat' and was negatively correlated with nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude. In the non-majors, obesity rate showed positive correlation with 'predisposition to obesity' and 'uncontrollable urges to eat'. Therefore proper nutritional education program and recommended dietary allowances are required for dancing majors to improve their nutritional status.

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[English]
The Effects of Gender, Obesity Rate, Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Attitude on the Dietary Self-Efficacy of Adolescents: Jeong Sook Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(5):652-657. Published online October 31, 2003

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the gender, obesity rate, nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude on the dietary self-efficacy of adolescents. The subjects were 1,022 (518 male, 504 female), aged 13 - 17 years living in Busan, Masan, Jinju and Jinhae city. This survey was conducted from April 8 to April 22, 2002 by questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS program. The results are summarized as follows. Nutrition knowledge scores and dietary selfefficacy scores of the females were higher than those of the males. The higher the nutrition knowledge and dietary attitude scores, the higher dietary self-efficacy. Dietary attitude has direct effects on dietary self-efficacy and obesity rate has indirect effects which was mediated by nutrition knowledge. Gender and nutrition knowledge have direct effects and indirect effects which were mediated by dietary attitude. Dietary attitude showed the greatest total causal effect in relation to dietary self-efficacy.

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[English]
A Study of the Dietary Attitude, Dietary Self-Efficacy and Nutrient Intake among Middle School Students with Different Obesity Indices in Gyeong-Nam: Jeong Sook Lee, Bok Ja Ha; Korean J Community Nutr 2003;8(2):171-180. Published online April 30, 2003

Abstract PDF: This study was carried out to investigate the perception of body image, the dietary attitude, the nutrient intake and the dietary self-efficacy of middle school students in Kyoung-Nam. The survey was conducted from April 8 to April 22 in 2002. The results are summarized as follows. Twenty three point nine percents of the underweight group, 24.5% of the normal weight group, 57.1% of the overweight group and 62.5% of the obese group had correct perception about their body image. Most of the students were concerned about their body image and weight control. The obesity of the parents correlated significantly with the obesity of the subjects. The higher the obesity rate, the lower the dietary attitude and dietary self-efficacy. There was a significant positive correlation between the education level of their mothers and the dietary attitude of the subjects and a significant negative correlation between the obesity rate of the subjects and their dietary attitudes. Dietary attitude scores showed no significant difference among the groups. Intakes of calories, protein, calcium and iron were lower than those of the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDAs).

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