- [Korean]
-
Association of ultra-processed food with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in elderly populations (urban and rural): a cross-sectional study
-
Seung Jae Lee, Mi Sook Cho
-
Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(1):51-64. Published online February 29, 2024
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.29.1.51
-
-
 Abstract
 PDF
- Objectives
This study examined the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and chronic diseases in elderly Koreans.
Methods
Data from the 2019–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Dietary intake and UPF consumption were assessed using the NOVA food classification based on 24-hour recall data from 3,790 participants (aged 65+ years).
Participants were divided into 4 groups based on the quartile of energy intake from UPFs.
Regions were classified as urban or rural. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after controlling for potential confounders.
Results
Among the participants, 71.3% resided in urban and 28.7% in rural areas.
Compared to the urban elderly, rural participants tended to be older, have lower education and income levels, be more likely to live in single-person households, and have a higher smoking rate (P < 0.05). Urban elderly consumed more UPFs daily (146.1 g) compared to rural residents (126.6 g; P < 0.05). “Sugar-sweetened beverages” were the most consumed category in both regions. “Sweetened milk and its products” and “traditional sauces” were prominent in urban areas, while rural elderly consumed more “traditional sauces” and “distilled alcoholic beverages.” Rural areas also had a higher carbohydrate-to-calorie ratio than urban areas. Compared to the lowest quartile of UPF intake, the highest quartile was significantly associated with impaired fasting glucose only in rural areas (AOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.00–2.19; P for trend = 0.0014). No significant associations were observed for diabetes in either urban or rural areas.
Conclusions
This study suggests that high intake of UPFs is associated with increased odds of impaired fasting glucose in rural elderly. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific negative health effects of UPFs in different populations, and targeted efforts should promote healthy diets in both urban and rural areas.
- [English]
-
A Study on Nutrient Intake, Anthropometric Data and Serum Profiles among High School Students Residing in Seoul
-
Hyun Sook Lee, Bo Eun Kim, Mi Sook Cho, Wha Young Kim
-
Korean J Community Nutr 2004;9(5):589-596. Published online October 31, 2004
-
-
-
Abstract
PDF
- This study was performed to investigate the anthropometric data, serum profiles, and nutrient intakes of high school students who are living in Seoul. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 174.1 cm and 66.6 kg in 99 male and 161.4 cm and 54.0 kg in 116 female students. Mean BMI for male and female students were 21.9 and 22.3 kg/m2, and subjects with BMI > 25 kg/m2 were 14 and 7%, respectively. Total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol of subjects were 149.6 +/- 3.1, 46.4 +/- 1.3, 86.4 +/- 2.3 mg/dl for males and 169.2 +/- 3.1, 50.7 +/- 1.0, 100.9 +/- 2.7 mg/dl for females, respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were 12.8 +/- 0.1 g/dl, 437.3 +/- 7.2 microgram/dl in male and 11.9 +/- 0.1 g/dl, 439.4 +/- 5.7 microgram/dl in female, respectively. Based on Hb classification, 45.6% of male and 45.0% of female students fell into anemic condition. Intakes of energy, Ca, Fe, Zn, riboflavin, and folate were below the Korean RDA. In particular Ca (male and female, respectively, 64.6 and 643% RDA) and Fe (male and female, respectively, 78.6 and 64.3%RDA) intakes were extremely low. Serum triglyceride was positively significantly correlated with weight (r = 0.22), BMI (r = 0.279), waist circumference (WC, r = 0.235), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF, r = 0.197) and obesity index (OI, r = 0.279). Hb concentration was positively correlated with height (r + 0.387), weight (r = 0.349), BMI (r = 0.191) and waist/hip ratio (WHR, r = 0.380). As for the correlation between serum profiles and nutrient intakes, the Hb concentration was positively correlated with energy (r = 0.163), protein (r = 0.149), Na (r = 0.153), vitamin A (r = 0.165), thiamin (r = 0.201) and niacin (r = 0.192, p < 0.01). These result suggest that the prevalence of Ca and Fe deficiency of student is high and dietary guideline for prevent anemia in this age needs to contain the adequate intake of energy and its related vitamins.
|
KSCN
