Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Review

[English]
Systematic Review on the Study of the Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in Korea: Dietary Risk Factors: Eun Jeong Heo, Jae Eun Shim, Eun Young Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 2017;22(3):191-206. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.3.191

OBJECTIVES
The present study systematically reviewed previous studies published in Korea regarding obesity status of children and adolescents in order to provide valid directions for future research and to help establish evidence-based prevention strategies.
METHODS
The articles were selected by searching the primary keyword â€˜obesityâ€™ and the secondary keywords â€˜childrenâ€™, â€˜young childrenâ€™, â€˜adolescentsâ€™ or â€˜kidsâ€™ on the KISS (Korean Studies Information Service System). Out of 503 articles excluding the overlap, 308 articles were selected with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Secular trends of obesity research, distribution of subjects, potential risk factors for obesity, and intervention method for obesity management were documented. The associations between obesity and dietary factors were summarized.
RESULTS
The overall number of research studies has increased since 2000 but obesity management studies have decreased in recent years. Most of the studies used a cross-sectional design. Research on preschool children were extremely limited. Intervention studies targeting males were prevalent. The most significant variables relevant to dietary habits were speed of eating, regular breakfast and snacking. The most significant food and nutrient intake factors were thiamin and iron. Intakes of cereals and animal foods were significantly higher in obese children than the counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS
The present review of locally published articles on the obesity status in children and adolescents suggested the need for well-designed further studies focused on risk factors of obesity and on a range of intervention methods conducive to the development of obesity prevention and management programs.

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Original Articles

[English]
The Effect of NutriPlus Program among 1-5 Year Children in Daejeon Area - The Improvement in Nutritional Status of Children and Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude of Parents -: Seon A Park, Eun Young Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(1):1-10. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.1

Abstract PDF PubReader

This study investigated the effect of nutritional improvement of 1-5 year children participated in NutriPlus program. The program was carried out at Public health Center, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon from March 2009 to April 2011. The subjects were selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government and included 90 children and their parents. they were divided into 2 groups (less than 6 months and more than 6 months of participation in the study). We analyzed the effects of NutriPlus program and nutrition education in both study groups. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The number of children with less than 10th percentile in height and weight and weight for height was decreased. The anemia prevalence rate was reduced from 64.4% to 8.9%. NAR value of subjects increased for energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents. In nutrition knowledge according to the income level, there were greater changes in the group of less than 100% compared to the subsistence. In nutrition attitude according to the education level, there were greater changes in the group of middle school graduates than in high school graduates or college graduates. There were no difference between less than 6 months group and more than 6 months group in improvement of hemoglobin level, anthropometric data and nutrients intakes. Based on these results, we conclude that providing supplementary food to children and nutrition education brought positive effects on growth of the children.

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Effects of a Practice Program for Low-Salt Meals on Infant Foodservices : Focusing on Infant Foodservices registered in Center for Children's Foodservice Management in Busan Metropolitan City
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Relationship of sodium consumption with obesity in Korean adults based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2014
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A Comparative Study on the Awareness of Health Risks and the Risk Reduction Measures Related to Sodium Intake between Female and Male University Students in Busan and Gyeongnam: An Application of Protection Motivation Theory
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Relationship between thresholds and self-assessed preference for saltiness and sodium intake in young women
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Healthy eating exploratory program for the elderly: Low salt intake in congregate meal service
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Blood Pressure, Sodium Intake and Dietary Behavior Changes by Session Attendance on Salt Reduction Education Program for Pre-hypertensive Adults in a Public Health Center
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A Comparison of Salty Taste Assessments and Dietary Attitudes and Dietary Behaviors Associated with High-Salt Diets in Four Regions in Korea
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Development of Nutrition Education Program for Hypertension Based on Health Belief Model, Applying Focus Group Interview
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Study on the Eating Habits and Practicability of Guidelines for Reducing Sodium Intake according to the Stage of Change in Housewives
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The Effects of a Worksite On-line Health Education Program on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Nutrient Intakes of Male Workers
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The Korean Journal of Nutrition.2009; 42(5): 486. CrossRef

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[English]
Needs Assessment for Developing a Nutrition Information Site for Elementary School Children Among Elementary School Dietitians: Yun Ahn, Hyungmee Kim, Jung Sook Seo, Eun Young Yoon, Hyun Joo Bae, Kyungwon Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(4):405-416. Published online August 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: This study was to examine the needs among elementary school dietitians (n = 115) for developing a nutrition information internet site for children. A survey questionnaire included general characteristics, internet use regarding health and nutrition information, and needs for developing a nutrition information site. The mean age of the subjects was 36.2 years. The higher working experience group (> 10 years of working as dieticians) had higher mean age (p < 0.001), had a larger number of enrolled students at school (p < 0.01) and the number of those receiving school lunch (p < 0.01) than the counterparts (< or = 10 years group). Sources of health and nutrition information were mainly PC/internet (60.4%) and seminar (14.4%). About 95% used health or nutrition information using the internet, however, the majority of users (71.6%) used internet information only when they needed it. Major reasons for using internet information was 'to get nutrition education materials' (63.8%) and 'to obtain general nutrition information' (21%). One third of the subjects were satisfied with nutrition information internet sites; major problems with internet sites were 'lack of content' (38.9%) and 'lack of practical information' (33%). These characteristics regarding internet use were not different between work experience groups. Major problems with nutrition education were 'lack of nutrition educational materials' (41.1%) and 'lack of nutrition education skills' (32.1%). These were significantly different between the work experience groups (p < 0.01). Subjects preferred CD/ internet to leaflet/booklet as nutrition educational materials. In developing nutrition sites for children, subjects wanted topics such as obesity assessment, dietary assessment, and obesity. Subjects responded that contents of nutrition information should be 'suitable to the children's knowledge levels' (31.1%), 'interesting enough by including quizzes, games and songs' (27.8%), 'inserting many illustrations/icons' (16.3%). In terms of designing internet sites for children, they wanted that internet sites should 'be easy enough to find the sites' (29.2%), 'use illustrations and characters' (24.8%), 'use communication channels such as Q&A' (18.7%). Needs for developing internet sites for children were not different by the work experience group. This study suggests that web sites for children should be carefully developed considering the contents and design, have less information with more illustrations, designed to induce the interest of children, as well as including sections such as eating habit assessment and games.

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[English]
Development and Evaluation of Nutrition Education Program through Internet: Yoon Jung Kim, Eun Young Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 1999;4(4):546-553. Published online December 31, 1999

Abstract PDF: This study was undertaken to develop and evaluate a nutrition education program with internet for students. A survey was conducted to find out needs for nutrition education program with 430 college or high school student in October, 1997. Eighty four point eight percent of female and 36.0% of male students had a plan to reduce their weight in a near future. Forty four point four percent of subjects obtained information about weight control from mass media, 28.6% of subjects obtained from their neighbor's recommendation. The information wanted to know were high-calorie foods, answered by 42.1% of females, and calorie expenditure of exercise, answered by 31.9% of males. The obese group showed higher preferrence to sweet foods, salty foods, hot foods, convenience foods, processed foods, animal foods, fried and oily foods, and eating-out than normal group(p<0.05). The obese group also showed a tendency of bad food habits, low intake of seaweeds, high intakes of animal fat, cholesterol-rich foods and salty foods. Amount of food intakes was inappropriate in obese group. An internet program for nutrition education was developed using the results of the survey and juvenile nutrition programs. The program consisted of 6 steps ; step 1 was to check one's physical status, step 2 was explanation about good food habits, step 3 was about food management, step 4 was methods of exercise for health, step 5 included how to maintain ideal weight, and step 6 was related-internet site. Pre-education test and post-education test was conducted to evaluate the nutrition education through internet. The score of nutrition knowledge increased from 74.2+/-7.4 to 77.2+/-9.6. The score of food attuitude did not change. The subjects wanted more information about nutrition from internet. Therefore, internet program of nutrition education with specific and interesting topics should be developed more.

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[English]
A Study of Dietary Intake, Physical Status and Biochemical Status of Children in Taejon: Eun Mi Shin, Eun Young Yoon; Korean J Community Nutr 1999;4(4):496-503. Published online December 31, 1999

Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among Rohrer index, and nutritional intake and biochemical status. We examined physical status, dietary intakes, serum cholesterol, blood pressure and other biochemical of children in Taejon. Thin survey was carried out in Octobe, 1995. The subjects were 362 children, aged from 6 to 11 years old. The results were summarized as follows. By Rohrer index, 4.5% of the subjects were lean, 70.2% were normal, 17.0% were overweight and 8.6% were obese. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the subjects were 111.73 and 69.88mmHg, respectively. The systolic blood pressure of obese subjects(119.93mmHg) was higher than any other groups. Total cholesterol level was 160.87mg/dl, cholesterol levels in each group were not significantly different. Hemoglobin level of total subjects was 13.10mg/dl, especially hemoglobin levels of 11 year-old girls was lower than that of the same aged boys suggesting that the girls should be supplied with more protein, iron and other nutrients. Energy and protein intakes wee 86.6% and 94.5% of RDA, respectively. The nutrients above the RDA were only two, phosphorus and-vitamin C. The intakes of iron, zinc and vitamin A were lower than 50% of the RDA's. The levels of zinc and niacin were highest in obese group than any other groups. The subjects in overweight and obese groups had eaten more calories from snack and less calories from breakfast than other groups. Rohrer index was correlated with cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and creatinine levels.

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