Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Research Article

[Korean]
Biochemical characteristics, nutrient intakes, and chronic disease risk according to the dietary fat energy ratio in middle-aged Korean: a cross-sectional study using data from the 7th (2016–2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Ga-Hyeon Jeong, Sook-Bae Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2024;29(6):528-540. Published online December 31, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2024.00304

Objectives
This study aimed to examine health-related characteristics and chronic disease risk in middle-aged Koreans based on their fat energy intake ratio.
Methods
We analyzed data from 7,274 Koreans aged 40–64 years using the 7th (2016–2018) Koreans National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were classified into three groups based on their fat energy intake ratio: insufficient (< 15%), adequate (15%–30%), and excessive (> 30%). We assessed their socio-demographic characteristics; lifestyle characteristics; biochemical characteristics; quantitative and qualitative nutrient intakes, measured using dietary reference intakes for Koreans and index of nutrition quality (INQ); and chronic disease risk.
Results
Significant differences were observed between the groups in age, gender, income, education, and residence region. The insufficient group had the highest proportion of older adults, male, lower income, rural residents, and lower education levels. The groups differed significantly in lifestyle characteristics, with the insufficient group having the highest rates of no walking, heavy drinking, smoking, and poor subjective health perception. Biochemical characteristics in the insufficient group exhibited the lowest levels for fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and triglycerides. Significant differences were found in both the quantitative and qualitative intake of nutrients. The insufficient group had the lowest intake of most nutrients except fiber, whereas the excessive group had the lowest fiber intake. Based on the INQ, vitamin A and Ca were the lowest in the insufficient group, and vitamin C and folic acid were the lowest in the excessive group. The risk of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome was highest in the deficient group, and the risk of liver cirrhosis was highest in the excessive group.
Conclusion
Insufficient or excessive fat energy intake ratio negatively affects nutrient intake and chronic disease risk. Fat energy intake of 15%–30% is important for improving nutrient intake and managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and liver cirrhosis. We suggest that education and an appropriate social environment are necessary to ensure this fat energy intake.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Study on the Optimization of Manufacturing Conditions for Traditional Potato Bugak Using Response Surface Methodology
Yu Hyeon Jo, Jeong Ok Rho
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2025; 35(1): 60. CrossRef

385 View
20 Download
1 Crossref

Original Articles

[English]
Study of the Coverage of Nutrition Labeling System on the Nutrient Intake of Koreans - using the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) Data: Ji Eun Park, Haeng Shin Lee, Yoonna Lee; Korean J Community Nutr 2018;23(2):116-127. Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.2.116

Abstract PDF PubReader: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to examine the coverage of the current mandatory nutrition labeling system on the nutrient intake of Koreans.
METHODS
KNHANES dietary intake data (2013) of 7,242 subjects were used in the analysis. KNHANES dietary intake data were collected by a 24-hour recall method by trained dietitians. For analysis, all food items consumed by the subjects were classified into two groups (foods with mandatory labeling and other foods). In the next step, all food items were reclassified into four groups according to the food type and nutrition labeling regulations: raw material food, processed food of raw material characteristics, processed foods without mandatory labeling, and processed foods with mandatory labeling. The intake of energy and five nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, saturated fat, and sodium) of subjects from each food group were analyzed to determine the coverage of the mandatory nutrition labeling system among the total nutrient intake of Koreans.
RESULTS
The average intake of foods with mandatory labeling were 384g/day, which was approximately one quarter of the total daily food intake (1,544 g/day). The proportion of energy and five nutrients intake from foods with mandatory labeling was 18.1%~47.4%. The average food intake from the 4 food groups were 745 g/day (48.3%) for the raw food materials, 54 g/day (3.5%) for the processed food of raw material characteristics, 391 g/day (25.3%) for the processed foods without mandatory labeling, and 354 g/day (22.9%) for the processed foods with mandatory labeling.
CONCLUSIONS
Although nutrition labeling is a useful tool for providing nutritional information to consumers, the coverage of current mandatory nutrition labeling system on daily nutrient intake of the Korean population is not high. To encourage informed choices and improve healthy eating habits of the Korean population, the nutrition labeling system should be expanded to include more food items and foodservice menus.

306 View
1 Download

[English]
Nutritional Evaluation and Its Relation to the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome according to the Consumption of Cooked Rice and Cooked Rice with Multi-grains in Korean Adults: Based on 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: Soo Hyun Son, Hwa Jung Lee, Kyong Park, Tae Youl Ha, Jung Sook Seo; Korean J Community Nutr 2013;18(1):77-87. Published online February 28, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.77

Abstract PDF PubReader

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intakes of subjects by quartile of percent energy intake from cooked rice, consumption of cooked rice mixed with multi-grains and to evaluate rice consumption in relation to the risk of metabolic syndrome. The subjects were 5,830 males and females aged between 20~64 years based on 2007-2008 KNHNES data. Levels of percent energy intake from cooked rice were classified into 4 groups (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 groups: 25% of each) using data of 24-hour recall method from KNHNES. Using medical examination and questionnaire, subjects were classified according to diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. The subjects with higher age, being married, lower education, lower economic level were more likely to take higher percent energy intake from cooked rice. Quartile Q3 of percent energy intake from cooked rice tended to show higher Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) for fiber, calcium, iron, potassium and vitamin A. INQ of protein, dietary fiber, calcium, thiamin, phosphorus, potassium, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C by consumption of cooked rice mixed with multi-grains was higher than that by consumption of cooked white rice when adjusted for age. No association with a risk for metabolic syndrome was found for quartile of percent energy intake from cooked rice or cooked rice mixed with multi-grains compared to cooked white rice after adjusting for energy, gender, age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, income and physical activity. In conclusion, consumption of over 54% energy intake from cooked rice or only cooked white rice showed relatively low INQs, but was not associated with a higher risk for metabolic syndrome.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Associations of Whole Grain and Refined Grain Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome. A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Hongbin Guo, Jun Ding, Jieyu Liang, Yi Zhang
Frontiers in Nutrition.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Korean fermented cabbage kimchi consumption with an incidence of metabolic syndrome: 10-year follow-up results of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Suk Hyeon Seo, Jiyoun Hong, Im Huei Son, Young Hee Han, Taisun Hyun
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2019; 52(6): 569. CrossRef
Dietary quality differs by consumption of meals prepared at home vs. outside in Korean adults
Kyung Won Lee, Won O. Song, Mi Sook Cho
Nutrition Research and Practice.2016; 10(3): 294. CrossRef
Diet Pattern According to Socio-Economic status - Using the Fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Han Na Kim, Hyo Eun Park
The International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology.2016; 4(3): 24. CrossRef
Evaluation of Obesity and Nutritional Status by Age among Low-income Women aged over 20 -Using Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-
Hee-Kyung Jang
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life.2015; 25(2): 246. CrossRef
The Development of Institutional Food-Service Menu with Temple Food
Sim-Yeol Lee, Jin-A Kim
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2015; 20(5): 338. CrossRef
Adequate Standard Pot and Number of Plants Per Tree of Raising Seeding Pot on the Foxtail Millet Transplanting Culture in the Southern Province
Yong-Soon Kim, Dong-Kwan Kim, Jin-Gyung Choi, Heung-Gyu Park, Myeong-Seok Kim, Hae-Ryoung Shin, Gyung-Ju Choi, Jong-Tag Yun
The Korean Journal of Crop Science.2015; 60(1): 23. CrossRef
Analysis of Dietary Intake Status and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome According to White Rice Consumption in Korea: Basted on Data 1st (1998), 4th (2007~2009), 6th (2013) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
Fang-Fang Song, Jin-A Jang, Yang-suk Kim, Hei-ryeo Yoon, Mi-Sook Cho
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2015; 30(5): 682. CrossRef
The Effect on Behavior of Instant Rice Selected Attributes According to Food Lifestyle
Inja Youn, Sohyeong Myeong, Deokihn Yoon
Journal of The Korean Society of Food Culture.2015; 30(6): 804. CrossRef
The Relationship between Health Behavior and General Health Status: Based on 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Chunhoo Cheon, So-Mi Oh, Soobin Jang, Jeong-Su Park, Sunju Park, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Yong-Cheol Shin, Seong-Gyu Ko
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(1): 28. CrossRef
An Evaluation of Dietary Habit and Nutritional Status by Household Income in Female Adults over the Age of 20 - Using Data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey -
Hee-Kyung Jang
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2014; 27(4): 660. CrossRef
The Risk of Metabolic Syndrome by Dietary Patterns of Middle-aged Adults in Gyeonggi Province
You-Sin Lee, Moo-Yong Lee, Sim-Yeol Lee
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2014; 19(6): 527. CrossRef
Cooking Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Cooked Rice According to the Addition of Glutinous and Non-glutinous Sorghum
Koan Sik Woo, Jee Yeon Ko, Jung In Kim, Jae Saeng Lee, Seuk Bo Song, Jae Min Cho, Tae Wook Jung, Ki Young Kim, In Seok Oh
Korean Journal of Crop Science.2013; 58(4): 399. CrossRef
Nutritional Assessment and Perioperative Nutritional Support in Gastric Cancer Patients
Kyung Won Seo, Ki Young Yoon
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2013; 61(4): 186. CrossRef

446 View
2 Download
14 Crossref

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search