Korean Journal of Community Nutrition

Research Article

[English]
Micronutrients and prevention of cervical pre-cancer in HPV vaccinated women: a cross-sectional study: Chandrika J Piyathilake, Suguna Badiga, Nongnut Thao, Pauline E Jolly; Korean J Community Nutr 2023;28(1):61-73. Published online February 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2023.28.1.61

Objectives
Prophylactic vaccines against high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) hold promise to prevent the development of higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and cervical cancer (CC) that develop due to HR-HPV genotypes that are included in HPV vaccines, but women will continue to develop CIN 2+ and CC due to HR-HPV genotypes that are not included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (9VHPV). Thus, the current vaccines are likely to decrease but not entirely prevent the development of CIN 2+ or CC. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of CIN 2+ that develop due to HR-HPVs not included in vaccines.
Methods
Study population consisted of 1476 women tested for 37 HPVs and known to be negative for qHPVs (6/11/16/18, group A, n = 811) or 9VHPVs (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58, group B, n = 331), but positive for other HR-HPVs. Regression models were used to determine the association between plasma concentrations of micronutrients, socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and risk of CIN 2+ due to HR-HPVs that are not included in vaccines.
Results
The prevalence of infections with HPV 31, 33, 35 and 58 that contributed to CIN 2+ differed by race. In group A, African American (AA) women and current smokers were more likely to have CIN 2 (OR = 1.76, P = 0.032 and 1.79, P = 0.016, respectively) while in both groups of A and B, those with higher vitamin B12 were less likely to have similar lesions (OR = 0.62, P = 0.036 and 0.45, P = 0.035, respectively).
Conclusions
We identified vitamin B12 status and smoking as independent modifiable factors and ethnicity as a factor that needs attention to reduce the risk of developing CIN 2+ in the post vaccination era. Continuation of tailored screening programs combined with non-vaccine-based approaches are needed to manage the residual risk of developing HPVrelated CIN 2+ and CC in vaccinated women.

Citations

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The Relationship Between Metal Exposure and HPV Infection: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning Methods
Huangyu Hu, Yue Wu, Jiaqi Liu, Min Zhao, Ping Xie
Biological Trace Element Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

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Original Article

[English]
Physical Characteristics and Dietary Patterns of Strength Athletes; Bodybuilders, Weight Lifters: Seongsuk Cho, Hyunkeun Lee, Kyungwon Kim; Korean J Community Nutr 2007;12(6):864-872. Published online December 31, 2007

Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study was to provide a descriptive assessment of the nutritional habits of resistance trained males in relation to protein and carbohydrate intakes in comparison with the recommended values. Thirty-four male bodybuilders (27.0 +/- 2.1years, 173.5 +/- 5.0 cm, 8.3 +/- 0.61% body fat), twenty-four male weight lifters (20.9 +/- 2.1years, 171.8 +/- 6.9 cm, 7.6 +/- 0.98% body fat) and twenty-five male non-athletes (26.9 +/- 2.5years, 175.3 +/- 5.7 cm,, 8.5 +/- 0.95% body fat) participated in the study. Participants completed a comprehensive survey by twenty-four hour dietary recall methods. All diets were analyzed using the Computer Aided Nutritional (Pro) analyzer by a registered dietician. Body fat was measured using skin fold thickness. The average time spent in resistance training was 18.0 +/- 1.7 hrs/week for body builders and 14.6 +/- 8.7 hrs/week for weight lifters. Total daily calories were 2583.6 +/- 874.8 kcal (31.9 +/- 11.9 kcal/ kg) for bodybuilders, 3565.9 +/- 1281.8 kcal (42.7 +/- 15.0 kcal/kg) for weight lifters and 2016.0 +/- 955.3 kcal (28.1 +/- 13.9 kcal/kg) for non-athletes (p = 0.001). Percent of calories from carbohydrate, protein, and fat 64.2%, 27.1%, and 8.7% for bodybuilders, and 66.3%, 18.6%, and 15.1% for weight lifters. The mean protein intake was 1.9 +/- 1.2 g/ kg of BW for bodybuilders, 1.6 +/- 0.6 g/kg of BW for male weight lifters and 1.1 +/- 0.69 g/kg of BW for non-athletes. Although dietary calcium (78.7%) and riboflavin (86.3%) intakes for bodybuilders were below the RDA, dietary intakes of micronutrients were not deficient. More research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and micronutrients for the resistance trained athletes.

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