Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

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Table 1

General characteristics of the subjects according to 24-hour urinary sodium excretion

1) LSE: low 24-urinary sodium excretion group (≤141.75 mmol/dL), HSE: high 24-urinary sodium excretion group (>141.75 mmol/dL)

2) By t-test and chi-square test. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

3) Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. The unit of the value is years.

4) Values are presented as n (%).

5) Salary is a standard (monthly income), and the unit is ten thousand won.

6) “Yes” of exercise is case of moderate activity or intensive activities once a week for more than 10 minutes.

Table 2

Anthropometric assessments and obesity index according to 24-hour urinary sodium excretion

1) LSE: low 24-urinary sodium excretion group (≤141.75 mmol/dL), HSE: high 24-urinary sodium excretion group (>141.75 mmol/dL)

2) By t-test analysis. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

3) By t-test analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking history and income. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

4) Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

BMI: Body Mass Index, WHR: Waist-Hip Circumference Ratio

Table 3

Na level, K level and Na/K ratio in serum according to 24-hour urinary sodium excretion

1) LSE: low 24-urinary sodium excretion group (≤141.75 mmol/dL), HSE: high 24-urinary sodium excretion group (>141.75 mmol/dL)

2) By t-test analysis. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

3) By t-test analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking history and income. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

4) Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Table 4

Na level, K level and Na/K ratio in urine according to 24-hour urinary sodium excretion

1) LSE: low 24-urinary sodium excretion group (≤141.75 mmol/dL), HSE: high 24-urinary sodium excretion group (>141.75 mmol/dL)

2) By t-test analysis. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

3) By t-test analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking history and income. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

4) Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Table 5

Energy and nutrients intake according to 24-hour urinary sodium excretion

1) LSE: low 24-urinary sodium excretion group (≤141.75 mmol/dL), HSE: high 24-urinary sodium excretion group (>141.75 mmol/dL)

2) By t-test analysis. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

3) By t-test analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking history and income. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant.

4) Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Table 6

Correlation between 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and variables

1) Anthropometric, Na and K level in serum and urine were adjusted for age, sex, smoking history and income by Partial correlation coefficients.

Energy and nutrients intake by Pearson's correlation coefficients.

A value of P<0.05 was accepted as significant.

BMI: Body Mass Index, WHR: Waist-Hip Circumference Ratio

Table 7

Association between obesity and sodium excretion according to 24-hour urinary sodium excretion

1) T1: Lower tertile of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, T2: Middle tertile of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, T3: Upper tertile of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion

2) Model-1: unadjusted

3) Model-2: adjusted for age and sex

4) Model-3: adjusted for age, sex, smoking history and income

5) By multiple logistic regression analysis. A value of p<0.05 was accepted as significant

Figure & Data

REFERENCES

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  

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